The article presents the results of the research of the possibility of using extracts of ginger root and calendula flowers in the production of crispbreads from a mixture of rye and wheat flour added to the dough, in order to reduce the process of dough process and to impart functional properties to finished products. The extracts have been obtained under optimal conditions, selected experimentally, from crushed raw ginger root or calendula flowers. The optimal parameters of the process of extraction of medicinal plants and indicators of microbiological safety of plant extracts have been determined. It has been established that these extracts can be recommended as mass consumption foods in order to give them antioxidant properties, increase storage capacity and expand the assortment in this segment.

The effect of these plant extracts on the viability of yeast colonies during the fermentation of dough for rye-wheat crispbreads has been established. The fermentation process and accumulation of yeast mass intensify when the extracts are added to the dough. It can be concluded that extracts of medicinal plants are an additional nutrient medium for yeast colonies due to the introduction of macro- and microelements with them.

Wild plants with proven therapeutic and prophylactic properties play an important role in the production of functional and enriched bakery products. The article presents the results of studies on the effect of Pulmonaria mollis extract (Pulmonaria mollis Hornem.) on the quality of wheat bread. P. mollis plant contains (in terms of absolutely dry matter) 1.86% of flavonoids, 10.95 % of polysaccharides, 256.34 μg / g of iron, 33.47 μg / g of manganese, 15.07 μg / g of copper and 42.92 μg / g of zinc. During the experimental baking, Pulmonaria mollis extract was added to the dough in the concentration of 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10.0 and 12.5 %.

The dough was prepared in a single-phase (straight) way. The introduction of P. mollis extract into the dough formulation led to the acceleration of acid accumulation, a decrease in the dough fermentation duration and proofing of dough pieces. The 10% concentration of P. mollis extract was selected as an optimal variant of wheat bread formulation. In this case a 11.02 % increase in bread porosity and 0.32 cm³ / g increase in specific volume were noted, as well as an improvement in the state of the surface and structure of porosity. Wheat bread with P. mollis extract has functional properties and is recommended for the prevention of iron deficiency conditions.

The article analyzes the factors forming the quality of beer, which is produced at one of the enterprises in the Omsk region. Their influence on the main characteristics of the manufactured product is also determined. It has been found that raw materials used and production technology are the main factors forming beer quality. Moreover, it’s been found that mash filtration is the main technological step that determines organoleptic and physical and chemical characteristics of a finished product. To determine the stability of the filtering process, one of the statistical methods – Schuchardt control charts-has been used. Analysis of the charts has shown that there are no spillovers, so the filtering process can be considered stable. Production is accompanied by the appearance of defects of various kinds and nature. It has been decided to carry out monitoring in the company in order to identify the most common defects. As a result, depressurization of a bottle has been detected. A cause-and-effect analysis has revealed the main reasons for it: bad crown cap, breakage of a capping apparatus, lack of control over the process by the filling line operators, failure of the technological instruction: measures have been proposed to prevent their occurrence.

The aim of the research is to develop rheological dependences of the oil material during extrusion and to simulate viscosity of the material when producing vegetable oil by pressing in an extruder during the flow of a plastically deformable porous medium. Methods of mathematical modeling of structural models of viscosity have been used to describe both non-linear plastic and pseudo-plastic flows. The technique is based on the fact that the viscoplastic properties of the Bingham flow are taken into account. An approximation of the flow equations has been presented within the Bingham rheological model, taking into account the experimentally established effect of hydrostatic pressure on the shear stress of the sunflower pulp entering the extruder. Plastic viscosity remains almost constant.

The effective viscosity has been considered as consisting of two components: the plastic viscosity, that corresponds to the Newtonian fluid viscosity, and the structural viscosity, which characterizes the shear resistance caused by the tendency of the solid particles contained in the Bingham fluid to form a structure. As a result of the studies, the influence of the main parameters of the extrusion process on the effective viscosity of the oil material has been assessed. The need to use the most theoretically substantiated Bingham equation has been substantiated, which allows you to determine the effective viscosity over a sufficiently large interval of shear rates in the extruder channel.

As a result, rheological models of the shear flow have been determined that describe both plastic and pseudo plastic flows with fairly good accuracy.

Liposomal systems are widely used in Medicine, Pharmacy and Cosmetology as delivery systems for transdermal, oral, parenteral administration of certain medicinal and biologically active substances into the body. This is due to unique properties of liposomes formed by natural phospholipids, amphiphilic molecules of which are able to form associates spontaneously in the aqueous medium, but also in the form of bilayers. The article deals with the classification of liposomes according to the structure; it has been also noted that the liposomes formed by natural phospholipids, are characterized by high biocompatibility, isotropy and thermoreversibility. An egg yolk is the richest source of natural phospholipids and it contains up to 78 % of phosphatidylcholines.

However, isolation of phospholipids from plant sources such as soy, sunflower and rapeseed, is more profitable economically, and therefore more appropriate for the use in food technology. It has been shown that liposomal systems of plant origin have broad application in food technologies as food additives, enzyme encapsulators, bacteriocins and stabilizers of labile nutrients. However, poorly studied mechanism of liposomal formation and the problem of ensuring the stability of liposomal systems during storage are limiting factors of their wide use in food technologies, since under the influence of various factors their structure may be disrupted and, as a result, active substance can come out into the external environment.

Thus, studies aimed at identifying regularities and mechanisms of formation of highly stable liposomal systems derived from phospholipids contained in plant lecithins are considered to be relevant. 

At present non-alcoholic industry enterprises are increasingly using various plants and fruits with natural healing properties, containing biologically active substances and multivitamin complexes that are useful for human health. The market of soft drinks is expanding due to the development of a new type of product-functional drinks.

Functional drinks are characterized by high nutritional and taste value due to the content of easily digestible carbohydrates, mineral compounds, organic acids and biologically active substances.

The research is based on the traditional technology used at the enterprises of the Republic for the production of “Shipovnik” and “Boyaryshnik” functional drinks and one of the most promising ways to intensify extraction using ultrasonic treatment.

During the experiment extraction schemes from dry fruit raw materials have been studied and the possibility of their use as resource-saving technologies in the production of drinks from dried rosehips and hawthorn have been evaluated.

The research methods used: determination of biologically active substances using capillary electrophoresis using Capel 105 “M” system, determination of the content of extractives using an IRF-454B2M refractometer, and an Expert-001 ionometer has been used to determine the pH.

Microbiological parameters of the studied samples have been determined according to GOST R 50474-93 and GOST 10444.12-88. The data obtained correspond to norm indicators on the quantitative and qualitative composition of microflora for extracts. A tasting evaluation of the extracts has been carried out.

The experimental data have shown the feasibility of ultrasonic extraction which allows the maximum extraction of biologically active substances for functional drinks from nontraditional vegetable raw materials of the RA, as well as to increase microbiological stability of a finished product, thereby extending the implementation period of the functional drink. 

Currently, there is a trend of deterioration in technological properties of wheat grain, which entails natural decrease in the quality of bakery products. As a result, the widespread use of ready-made mixes and quality improvers in the baking industry has become traditional. Achieving the required high quality of bakery products is possible due to the flexible management of technological production modes, which, in turn, is possible only with the most reliable assessment of baking advantages of grain raw materials.

Therefore, an important task of the baking industry is to minimize the analyzed factors of quality formation in order to increase the prognostic ability of consumer properties of bakery products. The solution can be achieved by developing production solutions due to the establishment of certain technological production parameters based on information about the quality of wheat flour used.

The purpose of the research is to study the influence of the physical and chemical parameters of wheat grain on the formation of the quality of bakery products and, based on the patterns found, development of methodological approaches to quality management of bakery products.

Laboratory grain milling of the most popular wheat varieties of the Orenburg region has been carried out at Nagema mill; the flour produced corresponds to the first grade. Bread has been made by a sponge dough method according to the white bread recipe. Sponge dough humidity indicator has been used as a controlling technological production parameter during bread making process. Sponge dough humidity has been 41 % to 72 % with a step of 1 %. Grain quality has been determined by grain hardness, that is, a physical and chemical indicator determining the baking quality of flour.

It has been established that quality control of bakery products is possible due to the choice of dough humidity, taking into account the hardness of grain, which serves as raw material for the production of flour. 

The effect of a composite mixture of rice, corn and pumpkin flour on organoleptic and physical and chemical parameters of gluten-free cupcakes has been studied. The optimal ratio of the ingredients has been selected and the technology for preparing the developed gluten-free cakes from the following composite mixtures has been worked out: corn / rice is 1:1; corn / pumpkin is 1:1; flaxseed / rice is 1:2, 3. Physical and chemical studies have shown that the moisture content in three experimental samples of gluten-free cakes is 13.5 % in sample No. 3, 14.1 % in sample No. 6; 16.5 % in sample No. 9.

The sugar content in the studied objects is 24.7 % in sample No. 3, 25.0 % in sample No. 6, 24.1 % in sample No. 9. The ash content in the samples is 0.02 % in No. 3, 0.02 % in No. 6, 0.05 % in No. 9, respectively. The fat content of the test samples is 27.5 % in No. 3, 27.3 % in No.6, 21.8 % in No. 9, respectively, which exceeds the permissible norm (22.0 %) for samples No. 6 and No. 9, this is due to the fact that the nutritional value of fat in pumpkin and flaxseed flour is higher relative to wheat flour. The alkalinity content in the experimental samples is 1.3 degrees in No. 3, 1.3 degrees in No. 6, 1.7 degrees in No. 9, respectively. The developed products have high nutritional and energy values and considered to be high-caloric, and they are enriched with macro- and microelements. 

The article contains the results of a sociological survey on the diet of various population groups of the Republic of Adygea (Maikop) and the Krasnodar Territory (Labinsk), the age of the group in question is from 18 to 90 years. The article contains the following indicators: physiological data of the respondents, and calculated mass index for everyone., Physiological norms of food consumption for various age groups of the population over a year are also given. The research method used is a questionnaire developed by the Laboratory of Sports Nutrition together with a group of nutritional pathology of FSBI “SRI of Nutrition” of the RAMS. The method is optimal for estimating the frequency and quantity of food consumption. The results of the reserach are presented in the form of diagrams of the frequency of consumption of these product groups. The method of estimating the amount of food consumed consists in calculating the average daily consumption. Moreover, the obtained data have been analyzed for the compliance with the physiological norms of human consumption of each population group affected by the study. Individual values of the frequency of consumption have been determined, and common features and differences in rations for the studied groups of respondents have been identified. The values of maximum and minimum consumption during a day of these types of products are indicated; summary tables have been compiled and average daily consumption rates of products for each studied age group have been calculated on the basis of these indicators.

In the work the effect of hydration on the viscosity and internal friction of pectin solutions has been studied. The dynamic viscosity has been measured on a rotational viscometer, and internal friction on a torsion pendulum with a small vibration amplitude. Hydration has been studied using thermogravimetric method and differential scanning calorimetry. It has been revealed that internal friction in pectin solutions and their dynamic viscosity depend on the type of pectin substances and their combinations. The data obtained are explained on the basis of ideas about the movement of the pectin molecule, which is carried out in the form of sequential movement along the totality of potential wells formed by neighboring hydrated molecules. In addition, it has been shown that internal friction in suspensions of citrus dietary fiber in the concentration range of 1.2-2 % is determined mainly by dissipative processes in a dispersion medium, which is a solution of pectin. The presented data on the viscosity and internal friction of solutions of various types and combinations of pectins and their relationship with hydration make it possible to control rheological properties of food systems with the addition of pectin substances.

General trend for informatization and digitalization, which is manifested in all areas of economic and social activity, is most clearly manifested in the aspect of employee communications with consumers of their products and services in socially significant organizations, including network pharmaceutical companies. At the same time, the personnel management objects of such companies include both direct interactions with customers and processes of intranet communications, from the position of the client-oriented approach adopted in this article.

The aim of the research is to substantiate the potential of the project approach for an objective assessment of the quality of infocommunications of employees of multidisciplinary pharmacy chains and to develop proposals for their improvement based on the idea of doublecircuit (external and internal circuits) of their labor interactions. Using the information model of managing a regional pharmaceutical company developed by the author, the priority of managerial influences on the communication processes of employees and a list of methods and technologies supporting personnel decisions have been determined. 

The article provides a detailed analysis of local taxation and the revenue base of local budgets of the Republic of Adygea. In particular, the role of local budget revenues in the structure of the consolidated budget of the Republic of Adygea is determined, as well as the structure of local budgets in terms of tax and non-tax revenues.

Since local taxes make up an important part of revenues, the main attention is focused on the dynamics of revenues from land tax and property tax and factors affecting the volume of revenues from these taxes.

Characteristic trends of local taxation in Adygea have been identified on the basis of the research and conclusions have been drawn on the sufficiency of financial resources for a complete fulfillment of the powers of local authorities and the need for additional gratuitous income. The directions of solving the financial problems of municipalities have been proposed. 

The article is devoted to methods of state participation in ensuring the sustainability of regional reproduction. The implementation of the regional policy gives rise to different kind of contradictions, for example, to increase economic growth it is necessary to place production in economically developed areas. However, this creates even greater inequality of the regions in terms of development, and the desire to equalize these levels will lead to investment in other backward regions, which will reduce the state economic growth rate. In the current conditions of general economic uncertainty, it is necessary to highlight the most relevant component of state regional policy.

Such an approach will allow us to concentrate limited resources on the most important areas, as well as determine the creation of an effective system of measures in the field of state regulation of regional development and interregional relations in the Russian Federation. Various methods of state participation in ensuring the sustainable development of regions have been considered. For strategic management of the region, it is necessary to establish direct and indirect relationships between these many processes. This implies determining the mechanism of their manifestation. The solution to this problem is very relevant. The article notes the development of relations at various levels, including regional ones. 

The method of flow cytometry (on Beckman Coulter company cytometer) has been used to study the genetic variation of the karyotype in 15 somatic clones of tea plants isolated in vitro. Somatic clones have been obtained by inducing gemmogenesis from a callus culture of tea micro sprouts, which have been in vitro root-to-seed for 8 years. The Murashige and Skoog modified mineral base (MS) with an addition of growth regulators of 6 – BAP – 2,5 ml + NAA – 0,2 ml + HA – 1,0 ml + mesoinositol – 100 mg have been the basic nutrient medium for cultivating somatic clones. Changes in the karyotype have been recorded by analysis of the genome size. The Colchis tea genotype of 2n = 30 and the Allium cepa 2n = 18 monitor sample (32,07 pg DNA) have been used as external standards. As a result of the studies, genome size variability has been detected in 3 of the 15 tea somatic clones. In somatic clones (Sc – 11; Sc – 27; Sc – 33) the genome size is 7,26-8,70 pg (picograms) of DNA compared with the control genotype of the diploid Colchis variety, whose genome size is 5.08 pg of DNA. The presence of somaclonal variability in somatic clones isolated by phenotypic traits (Sc – 11; Sc – 27; Sc – 33) has been confirmed at the karyotype level.

Brown forest acidic soils of the humid subtropical zone of Russia, on which tea is mainly cultivated, are largely exposed to agrogenic effects, which reduce their bio-productivity. An early diagnosis of these processes is possible by evaluating the biological activity of soils, in particular by the parameters of soil enzymes that regulate the main cycles of biogenic elements. Under the influence of various types and doses of mineral fertilizers relative to the background soils, they have been graduated and a scale for rating the agrogenic load has been developed on the basis of the established actual level of variation in the catalase activity (0.4-13.2 ml of O2/1 g of soil in 1 min), urease (0.1-21.8 mg of NH3/10 g in 24 hours), invertase (21-190 mg of glucose/1 g of soil in 24 hours) and phosphatase (0.01-1.7 mg of P2O5/ 100 g of soil in 1 hour).

Four levels of exposure have been distinguished – permissible, maximum permissible, critical, unacceptable levels. 20 % relative to the soils of the background territory for all studied soil enzymes have been taken for a critically significant value for normalizing agrogenic load for brown forest acidic soils, which determines an unacceptable level. Decrease to 30-70 % of the enzymatic activity of soils in the background territory (depending on the type of enzyme) have been considered maximum permissible and permissible levels. 

One of the most important elements of modern agricultural technologies in Agriculture is the use of biological products and growth regulators of agricultural plants, which can positively affect the metabolic processes in plants in small doses and lead to significant positive changes in the processes of growth and development of cultivated field crops. Practical significance of these preparations is determined, first of all, by their effect and degree of influence on the processes of plant development at different stages of ontogenesis, and the ability to significantly accelerate the growth or increase the yield of most crops. At the same time, the use of biological products and growth-regulating drugs is considered as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective way to increase the productivity of crops, contributing to a more complete realization of the potential of plants, including winter wheat.

The article presents the results of the study on the influence of Bigus and Melafen growth regulators on the yield and grain quality of winter wheat varieties of Vostorg and Gracia selected by FSBSI “KSC named after P.P. Lukyanenko” taking into account specific soil and climatic conditions. In the research the stimulating effect of Bigus and Melafen preparations on growth processes and formation of generative organs of plants has been established, and as a result, a positive effect in the form of an increase in winter wheat grain yield. 

The years of studying feijoa plants cultivated in the humid subtropics of the Krasnodar Territory have shown the necessity for selection of forms from seed populations with different maturity of fruits, high yields and high fruit quality. Seven promising forms have been evaluated primarily. After observation the growth dynamics of shoots B-13 for has been selected with an active growth. The average shoots length has reached 22,8 cm by the end of the growing season. Assessment of fruit cast have shown that the largest percentage of active ovaries is found in B-13 form and “Dagomysskaya” variety and (17%).

Assessment of harvesting period has revealed early ripening forms (II-III decade of September – I decade of October), they include 4-10, 12-5, 13-11, IIIB-1 forms; mid-ripening forms (II-III decade of October – I decade of November) are 10-22, B-13 and late-ripening forms are 6-24, the fruits of which ripen from the 3rd decade of November till the 1st decade of December. Form B-13 has been selected as a high-yielding one: 19,2 kg / bush, and a large-fruited one – average fruits weigh 96,0 g. The forms of 4-10, B-13 have been selected according to sugar content, with 9,70 % and 8,12 % of sugar respectively. The forms of 6-24, 12-5 and B-13 are observed to contain more monosaccharides than sucrose. Two forms of 4-10 and B-13 have been selected as the best in taste with the highest percentage of monosaccharides, in particular, fructose, which gives the fruits the “sweet taste”.

The fruits of form 12-5 are characterized by a highest content of vitamin “C” –75,68 mg%. Forms of 4-10 and 12-5 have the highest sugar-acid ratio which is 5,5 and 5,0, respectively, and the lowest ratio is observed in forms of 6-24 and 10-22 – 2,9 and 3,0, respectively. 

In the conditions of intensive grape production in a monoculture mode, there is a violation of the small biological cycle of nutrients and a decrease in the productivity of ampelocenoses. The solution to this problem is the introduction of a biological system of soil maintenance through sideration, sprigging the vineyards, the use of biofertilizers and an agrobiological stimulator in the form of effective microorganisms. The aim of the work is to study the humic-sod system of soil content compared with the control (dead fallow). The studies were conducted in 2015-2018 on the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (transition zone from foothill to steppe).

The object of the study is planting grapes of Bianca variety. The soil content in the rows between the vineyards of the experimental plots, the morphometric parameters (shoot length, cluster weight) and the quality of the grapes (the mass fraction of sugars and titratable acids) have been studied in the control (dead fallow), with an alternate strip and overall sprigging of the rows between the legume-cereal mixture (red clover – 40,0 %, redtail fescue grass – 26,7 %; purple – stem catmint – 33,3 %), followed by mowing the grass and creating a mulch cover. In the fall of 2018 cut and root residues were buried into the soil. The humic-sod system helps to restore the process of soil fertility reproduction, improve its water and physical parameters, prevent water erosion, create a favorable microclimate, increase the yield of grapes and quality of grape juice.

The feasibility of overall (at an annual precipitation of more than 600 mm) and alternate strip (at an annual precipitation of 520-540 mm) sprigging of rows with legumecereal mixture of perennial grasses has been proved.