Carotenoids, in particular, beta-carotene and lycopene, have high antioxidant properties and are used to prevent and treat various diseases associated with human aging. The search for new or intensification of the existing methods of their preparation from plant raw materials and the secondary resources of its processing is relevant due to the high demand for carotenoids in the food, cosmetic and pharmacological industries. The purpose of the research is to analyze the patent information for determining the most optimal and promising directions in the technology of obtaining carotenoids from vegetable raw materials. The main method of obtaining carotenoids from vegetable raw materials and secondary resources of its processing is their extraction using organic solvents. Domestic and foreign scientists have been conducting scientific research in the field of intensification of the process of extraction of carotenoids from vegetable raw materials and secondary resources of its processing in order to increase the environmental safety of the technological process and the quality of the product obtained. Various technical solutions have been proposed on pre-processing of the feedstock using ultrasound (US) effects and microwave radiation, as well as enzymes and enzyme preparations for carotenoids. Analysis of foreign and domestic patent information has shown that studies in the field of integrated use of physical (ultrasound and microwave radiation) and biotechnological (enzymes and enzyme preparations) of pretreatment of the initial raw materials are most promising to increase the efficiency of the extraction of carotenoids from vegetable raw materials and secondary resources of its recycling.

The Virginia 202 tobacco variety, selected by FSBSI ARSRITMTP for the production of smoking tobacco, is in high demand. Intensification of post-harvest processing of large leaves of a variety with a massive middle vein is proposed to be carried out by cutting through the middle vein, which will reduce the drying time and energy costs. Studies have been conducted on the use of this method and the quality indicators of tobacco raw materials of natural and combined drying methods has been assessed. It has been found that the cutting technique shortens the drying time with the combined method by 2.8 times, with the natural method by 2.3 times, while the commercial quality improves when drying by the combined method, the yield of 1 commercial grade makes 86.5%, the taste qualities of raw materials improve, due to an increase in the ratio of carbohydrate-protein balance to 1.08–1.5; the strength is preserved, due to less nicotine consumption during a shorter drying period; fiber yield increases by 3–5%. The volume-elastic properties of the fiber affect the consumption of raw materials in the smoking product. The fiber of natural drying of raw materials reduces its consumption for the production of smoking products, the fiber of combined drying of raw materials obtained using high temperatures of drying of the vein increases the consumption of raw materials by 18.65%. The aim of the research is to determine the elastic properties of the cut vein present in the fiber of combined drying. The vein has been flattened and its elastic properties have been determined. It has been established that the recoil value of the flattened uncut vein is 6.0% greater, the undisturbed structure of the middle vein has a greater degree of volume recovery and better elastic properties. An increase in the elastic properties of the raw materials of combined drying can be carried out due to its preparation in a differentiated way, with the allocation of the middle vein, the method of striping and, separately, the preparation of the vein and the leaf plate. When preparing, moistening and flattening the cut vein, which has a better moisture-absorbing ability and a lower destructive load when it is flattened by 2.2 times, it is possible to reduce energy consumption for these technological processes.

It is well known that in order to obtain crystalline sugar of a high quality category (Extra and TS1), it is necessary to ensure the production of concentrated sugar-containing intermediates with the lowest possible color, since it is these intermediates that directly determine the color of the resulting crystalline sugar. Laboratory studies have been carried out on the effect of sulfitation treatment using various reagents, namely, sulfurous anhydride and sodium bisulfite, of concentrated intermediates – thick juice and remelt syrup B+C of sugar production on the quality of beet sugar. It has been established that the sulfitation treatment of concentrated intermediates using sulfur dioxide provides a greater reduction in their color compared to sodium bisulfite – from 996,70 to 830,30 and 857,30 ICUMSA units respectively. It has been established that sulfitation treatment with using various reagents of concentrated intermediates provides a decrease in the color of sugar. So, according to the color index, sugar obtained in laboratory conditions from samples obtained using sulfitation treatment, according to the requirements of GOST 33222-2015, corresponds to category TS1, and obtained from an untreated sample, to category TS2. Thus, in a critical situation, sulfitation treatment can provide sugar with a higher quality category. It has been established that during long-term storage (up to 100 days) of concentrated sugar-containing intermediates, their color increases, however, preliminary sulfitation treatment using sulfur dioxide provides the smallest increase in color during storage, compared with treatment with sodium bisulfite. The increase in color after 100 days of storage relative to the initial values was 18,46 and 36,26%, respectively.

The article presents an overview of business concepts in the field of restaurant business, allowing to maintain consumer interest in the products and services offered using the capabilities of the Krasnodar Territory. The purpose of the research is to identify the main driving forces of the development of restaurant projects, focusing on the relevance of consumer properties of catering products for consumers, applying a differentiated approach to them and focusing on what can lead to success. The research methods used are analysis, synthesis, generalization, observation and forecasting. The results and discussion: the article highlights the role of tourism in the development of catering enterprises as an engine of business concepts aimed at the tourist audience and related to the promotion of regional cuisine. For the next few years, the concept of a local cuisine has a huge prospect. In all regions of Russia this particular direction will be developing in the near future – local cuisine, the Russian cuisine, old recipes, unusual farm products. The state support of tourism will also increase interest in HoReCa. Conclusions: The Krasnodar Territory is a developing tourist, multinational, creative region open to innovations. Restaurateurs, culinary specialists and confectioners monitor the state of the hospitality industry in Russia and in the world, constantly seeking professional recognition, gaining more and more recognition, the Ministry of Resorts, Tourism and Olympic Heritage and the Department of Consumer Sphere and Regulation of the Alcohol Market of the Krasnodar Territory stimulate the promotion of the restaurant image of the Kuban in various levels, holding professional forums, festivals, exhibitions for HoReCa industry specialists, opens up new opportunities for the exchange of experience, facilitating the acquisition of new knowledge, communication with suppliers, and acquaintance with gastronomic trends.

The level of food independence of the Russian Federation, achieved in 2021 has been assessed. It is noted that, despite positive trends, not all sectors of the food and processing industry show a stable growth in production. The main problems of most sectors of the food and processing industry, in addition to the need to modernize the technical base, include the lack of development of the raw material base, as well as the low level of the logistics system. In addition, all sectors of the food and processing industry are heavily dependent on imported food additives. It should be noted that the Russian Federation has a sufficient amount of raw materials for the production of more than 140 types of food additives, while the most promising are secondary resources resulting from the processing of agricultural raw materials. Deep processing of these resources with the production of food additives allows not only to solve environmental problems for their disposal, but also to reduce the cost of food additives. The most promising by-products and secondary resources formed during the processing of agricultural raw materials, which are valuable sources for obtaining food additives, are given. To reduce import dependence and ensure a high level of food security, it is of paramount importance to conduct fundamental and exploratory research in accordance with the priority areas of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation to develop innovative technologies for the deep processing of by-products and secondary resources resulting from the processing of agricultural raw materials, in order to obtain food additives.

Croissant is one of the puff pastry products. This product is widely distributed in France. The assortment of croissants is very diverse, but in order to increase the assortment and improve the quality of this product, spelt grain flour has been used in our research. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of spelt flour of the Alcoran variety on the quality of puff pastry. The tasks are to consider the production technology of croissant; to investigate the organoleptic and physical and chemical parameters of croissant; to calculate the economic efficiency of the production of croissant. The methods used are the following: the regulatory framework of the research is the legislation of the Russian Federation on standardization and certification, regulatory documents (GOST, technical specifications). The assessment of organoleptic and physical and chemical parameters has been carried out according to the technical specifications 10.71.11-046-38826547-2016. The results are: trial baking has been conducted in the Volgograd State Agrarian University at the Department of Processing Technologies and Food Safety. Puff yeast dough for Croissant is divided into two main technological processes: kneading yeast dough; lamination of dough. The appearance of the croissant with spelt flour is vague, the color is brown, there is a taste of «nutty flavor», sweeter. The conclusion: when calculating the profitability of croissant production, it has been found that the raw material costs of spelt flour products are 1.6 times higher, which is associated with the cost of spelt grain flour. The calculation of profitability has shown an increase in costs by 2% in the production of croissants with spelt flour. The production of spelt culture refers to organic farming. Healthy natural products lead to an increase in the cost of raw materials, which cannot but affect the cost of further products.

Micro- and nanoemulsions are promising systems for encapsulating micronutrients for food enrichment. For the formation of stable nanoemulsions, it is advisable to use natural emulsifiers – modified lecithins of vegetable oils. The aim of the research is to study the effectiveness of the use of modified lecithins of vegetable oils to create encapsulated forms of micronutrients in the form of nanoemulsions. Emulsions have been obtained using the method of ultrasonic exposure with the use of fat-free vegetable lecithins and their alcohol-soluble fractions as emulsifiers. It has been found that the particle size of emulsions formed by fat-free lecithins is significantly higher compared to the emulsions formed by their alcohol-soluble fractions. It has been revealed that emulsions formed by alcohol-soluble fractions of lecithins are more resistant to delamination. It is shown that alcohol-soluble fractions of vegetable lecithins with a PH content from 75.0 to 76.0% have the highest emulsifying properties, which makes it possible to obtain physically stable nanoemulsions with an average particle size of the dispersed phase less than 100 nm. Thus, modified lecithins of vegetable oils, namely, alcohol-soluble fractions of lecithins are highly effective encapsulating agents for creating encapsulated forms of micronutrients in the form of nanoemulsions.

Reducing the toxicity of tobacco products is a pressing issue today. Manufacturers offer consumers innovative types of nicotine containing products, such as electric tobacco heating systems, as an alternative to traditional cigarettes. This type of nicotine containing products differs from cigarettes, i.e. the ECNT has a different way of consumption, which is the formation of the dispersed phase, which consists of the smallest solid particles in the absence of combustion by heating the filler. The presence of innovative products requires on the market evaluating and monitoring the quality of products, therefore, it is necessary to develop or improve existing methods to identify potentially harmful components for the body, including nitrogen oxides (NO, NOx), which are part of the generated aerosol. This paper presents a characteristic of nitrogen oxides (NO, NOx), reviews the formation process, toxic properties affecting the body, as well as an overview of the methods for determining nitrogen oxides using a smoking machine and chemiluminescent gas analyzer. The level of nitrogen oxides content (NO, NOx) in the gaseous phase of tobacco products aerosol compared with the content of nitrogen oxides in the gaseous phase of tobacco smoke of control cigarette 3R4F is also given. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of regulatory documentation for the regulation of innovative products. There is no generally accepted approach in the sphere of standard setting for regulation of innovative nicotine containing products at the present time and it is under development. The article substantiates the need to develop and implement in the national standard for tobacco heated methodology for determining nitrogen oxides.

The article presents the results of a study of the formation of aroma-forming substances in bakery products with the addition of paize flour to the recipe. Instrumental assessment of the smell of products was carried out on the smell analyzer «MAG-8» with the methodology «electronic nose». The variants of the experiment differ in the content of paize flour 15–20%, according to the method of preparing the dough: the biological method of loosening – bread, bread sticks, unleavened dough – bread skewers. With the help of an «electronic nose», it was instrumentally proved on the MAG-8 odor analyzer that for the samples submitted for testing, the smell is correct and not pronounced, aromatic additives and odor enhancers, as well as the presence of destructive processes and mold formation are absent. When comparing the volatile compounds in the samples quantitatively, it should be noted that since the semi-finished bread undergoes longer fermentation than breadsticks, the content of alcohols and ketones is 22% higher, and compared with bread skewers, where there is no fermentation process, they are 93% more, a similar picture with acids. However, when comparing the content of individual components in samples, especially oxygen-containing compounds, they are almost twice as large in the absence of a biological method of loosening in bread skewers. For consumer evaluation, such changes are not significant for those samples in the formulation of which the content of paize flour is no more than 15% and recognized by consumers according to organoleptic indicators.

One of the main aspects of the development of the domestic agricultural sector, stabilization and increase in the efficiency of its production is the creation and use of the latest technologies, optimization of the use of resources, the implementation of which requires significant investments in the agricultural sector. However, many experts emphasize the insufficient technological preparation of production, which entails a deterioration in the quality of work and unforeseen disruptions in production. Therefore, there is a need to use relevant, evidence-based management methods in agricultural production. Process-based management assumes the continuity of material flows, since the output of each production process is linearly dependent on the resources consumed. In this regard, the most important feature of process –based management is its focus on the results. The purpose of the research is to define and describe the processes of production and economic activity using reference or reference models in the management of agribusiness enterprises. They are the basis for direct adaptation to the activities of a particular enterprise. These process standards contain the main (key) processes that are included in the technological process set of any enterprise without identifying it by industry. The methodological basis of the research is represented by system and process approaches. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research are the works of domestic and foreign authors in the field of agricultural enterprise management, solving the problems of introducing and using reference models in the management of technological processes. We have proposed a reference model of an agro-industrial enterprise using the example of the plant growing industry, which reflects a methodological option for systematizing and identifying processes for their further detailing when introducing process management at an enterprise. Isolation of the end-to-end chain of the main processes makes it possible to apply new approaches to production planning, organization of accounting and control, AHD, to make optimal management decisions. The results of the research can be used by managers and specialists of agricultural enterprises in the implementation of process models in management at agribusiness enterprises.

Changes of various kinds in recent months related to the redistribution of supply chains in the world market, as well as the withdrawal of foreign companies and the imposition of Western sanctions, have led to a variety of problems in our country that require immediate solutions. The main social and economic problem in the current situation is the unemployment increase. This factor has an extremely negative impact on various spheres of human life and society as a whole. The underutilization of human resources leads to a decrease in potential GDP and national income. Also in this situation, an individual suffers, as his/her income is reduced, which entails a decrease in demand in the market. This kind of situation will complicate the existence of various types of business, which again can lead to a decrease in the number of employed population. The research has been conducted in order to identify the consequences that have occurred or may occur as a result of foreign sanctions and the withdrawal of corporations from the Russian market. The way the state is struggling with the main problems is sponsoring domestic enterprises and indexing various types of payments to citizens and increasing the number of employees. During the research, the following scientific methods have been used: induction, analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction. The result of the presented article is the conclusion that, of course, the sanctions imposed against the Russian Federation cause damage to the state economy. In any case, unemployment will rise this year, but this increase will not be critical. Timely introduced support measures from the government help to stabilize the situation. Thus, economic indicators will return to normal level next year, by this time new supply chains will be established, and new enterprises will begin to appear that can provide people with work.

Seeds with a certain embryo shape have a variation in germination, some are more productive, others are not. This phenomenon has become the impetus for the systematization of seed groups by embryos. We have identified 8 groups (1a, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8), there are strong and weak seeds structured according to this hierarchy. One of the problems of vegetation and the formation of the desired crop is the impact of factors that are regulated. The seed material is heterogeneous and, therefore, its development is unpredictable. Seeds of any agricultural crop, no matter whether it is a variety or a hybrid, have external and internal properties and signs that affect the stability of their ontogenesis. The economic and biological qualities of seeds depend on the genetic characteristics of the variety obtained as a result of breeding. The external qualities of seeds characterize the properties of seeds, which are determined by the adaptive landscape component, agrotechnology of cultivation and the equipment used. Yield losses are difficult to control and it is important to reduce. The yield is affected not only by their initial biological potential, but also by the further mechanical impact of agricultural machinery from pre-sowing treatment to sowing. The purpose of the research is to assess the damage of the seed material by various mordants. The objectives of the research are the preliminary systematization of winter hard wheat grains by the germ morphotype, as well as further pre-sowing processing by various machines. The objects of the study are winter hard wheat grains and picklers PNSh-3, PKS-20, PS-10A, PNU-4, mixer-inlay «EcoMix-5». As a result of the research, the most productive varieties of winter hard wheat (Amazonka (8.32 t/ha) have been identified, Kristella (8.27 t/ha), Yantarina (8.07 t/ha), Yakhont (7.81 t/ha)) and the EcoMix-5 device with the least damage to seeds during their pre-sowing treatment.

Nuclear power continues to develop rapidly in the 21st century. Due to the growth of the population on the planet and the growth of its well-being, more energy is required, which nuclear energy can also provide. Currently, work to improve the reactors used at nuclear power plants is going on. However, unfortunately, there are no guarantees for their trouble-free operation. Therefore, in case of possible accidents and radioactive contamination of the soil, the question arises of its further use in agricultural production. The return of radioactively contaminated fertile lands to agricultural production is the most important task at the present stage of human life. The purpose of the research is to study the content of specific activity in grassland vegetation, depending on its type, when the nuclide is located in the soil at a depth of 50 cm. The migration and accumulation of ⁹⁰SR in grassland vegetation located in the orchard in the soil at a depth of 50 cm has been studied. The study of the accumulation of radionuclides in agricultural plants and soil after its radioactive contamination is one of the most urgent problems of our time. A field experiment has been carried out in a fruit seed orchard. Grassland vegetation is the most valuable bioresource, that is, it is a potential food for domestic and wild animals, so it is important to make a forecast of its possible use. Accumulation of the radionuclide in grassland vegetation along the trophic chain can lead to its accumulation in the human body. The largest accumulation of ⁹⁰SR in annual herbaceous vegetation, as a possible fodder bioresource, when the radionuclide is located in the soil at a depth of 50 cm, is distinguished by field bindweed. In 2019, the difference in the accumulation of the nuclide between field bindweed and couch grass was 2.5 times. A decreasing series is compiled for the accumulation of the radionuclide, when it is located in the soil at a depth of 50 cm: field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) > field dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) = field sow thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) > creeping couch grass (Agropyrum repens L.) > common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.).

Bocconia is an evergreen plant belonging to the poppy family, and has been used in folk medicine since ancient times. The unique feature of plume poppy to cure various diseases can be explained by the alkaloids, sanguinarin and heleritrin, available in its green component. In the period of 2019 – 2021 in the Belgorod branch of the federal state budgetary scientific institution «All-Russian Institute of medicinal and aromatic plants» field studies were carried out to study the effect of AgroMaster complex fertilizer of grade 13-40-13 with microelements on the productivity of plume poppy. Complex fertilizers are an important reserve for increasing the productivity of crops, including medicinal and aromatic plants [4, p. 273]. Along with the main application of mineral fertilizers, a significant role belongs to plant fertilization, especially complex fertilizers with trace elements. The main components of complex fertilizers are macrofertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and others), which are necessary for proper growth and development of any crops. Auxiliary composition of complex fertilizers includes such important chemical elements as zinc, copper, manganese, and others. All of the above makes the use of complex fertilizers an indispensable method of increasing the productivity of cultivated crops [6, p. 194; 7, p. 138; 11, p. 55]. The objectives of the study are to study the peculiarities of adaptation, growth processes and yields of bocconia in specific agro-ecological conditions. Variants of field study included different doses of AgroMaster 13-40-13 fertilizer (from 2 to 5 kg/ha) with single and double treatment of plants to identify the optimal value. The greatest intensity of growth processes, as well as the growth of leafy mass has been found in the double treatment of plants at a dose of 2.0 + 2.0 kg/ha. Variant with maximum dose of fertilizer is 5,0 kg/ha at double treatment provided insignificant yield increase – 0,1 t/ ha against the background of the best variant.