Biosynthetic abilities of yeast contribute to improving the composition of the aromatic complex of sparkling wines and its balance. Knowledge of the biosynthetic characteristics of certain races of yeast and careful selection of them make it possible to regulate physical and chemical indicators of a future product and produce wines of predicted and controlled quality. 
The aim of the research is technological evaluation and selection of highly effective preparations of active dry yeast for the production of white sparkling wines by the bottle champagne method, based on the study of their influence on the composition of substances of the aromatic complex. The objects of the research are sparkling wines obtained using active dry yeast (ADY) produced in France and recommended for the manufacture of champagne wines.
The effect of new ADY races on the qualitative and quantitative content of aromatizing substances: esters, higher alcohols, fatty acids, acetaldehyde, acetone, and others has been studied.
Different races of yeast differ in biosynthetic ability with respect to aromatizing compounds, therefore, choice of a yeast race can significantly influence the formation of a bouquet of sparkling wines and organoleptic qualities of the product can be predicted.

Insoluble calcium salts are an inevitable negative consequence of the lime-carbon dioxide purification of diffusion juice. With their high content, scale formation on the surfaces of heatexchange equipment is enhanced, resulting  in a decrease in heat transfer efficiency and evaporation equipment performance. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the solids content in the syrup and an increase in the time of fillmass boiling, which is inevitably accompanied by an increase in the loss of sucrose.
The article presents the results of studies of the effect of the degree of processing of juice of the second saturation, as well as the return of the suspension of sediment of the second saturation II on the quality of the purified juices, taking into account the electrokinetic properties of the intermediates characterized by the magnitude of the surface charge. The need to determine the optimal alkalinity of juice II saturation has been theoretically substantiated and experimentally proved. A return to ripening of a suspension of sediment of II saturation is theoretically justified to increase the effect of purification of diffusion juices and reduce the content of calcium salts. Comparative data on the effect of the degree of processing of juice II saturation to pH values of 9.5; 9.0; 8.5; 8.0 on the quality of purified juice have been presented. It has been established that the optimal performance of the second saturation ensures the greatest cleaning effect, increasing the purity of the juice by 1.3-1.4 %, reducing the color by 30 % and the minimum content of calcium salts. In addition, it provides an increase in the purity of the resulting syrup by 1.6-1.7 % and a decrease in its color by 15 %. It has been shown that the return to ripening of a suspension of sediment of II saturation saturated with calcium hydroxycarbonate helps to increase the purity of the juice by 0.6-0.8 %, reduce the content of calcium salts by 30%, and color by 20 %.

The problem of improving the quality and reducing the toxicity of tobacco products is relevant worldwide and is related directly to health.
The World Health Organization has identified nine priority toxic substances to assess and monitor the content of harmful toxic substances in cigarette tobacco smoke and ESTH (electrical tobacco heating systems) aerosol (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(N-methyl-N)nitrosamino-)-1-(3-pyridyl-)-1-butanone (NNK), benzene, 1,3-butadiene, carbon monoxide, 3,4-benzpyrene).
The purpose of the research is to measure the content of nicotine and 3,4-benzpyrene in the solid-liquid phase of the aerosol of the electric tobacco heating system (ESTH), the smoke of a standard 3R4F cigarette and the smoke of five brands of cigarettes when tested on a smoking machine in ISO3308 and ISO Intense20778 modes. The comparative characteristics of the smoking modes ISO and ISO Intense are given.
The article presents a comparative analysis of the content of nicotine and 3,4-benzpyrene in the solid-liquid phase of ESTH aerosol sticks and cigarette smoke, including the control cigarette 3R4F. The problems of the chemical composition of tobacco smoke aerosol and the processes of formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smoke are considered. Chemical and toxicological characteristics of 3,4-benzpyrene are given.

Soya lecithins are leaders in the global lecithin market not only in terms of production, but also in terms of consumption in various sectors of the food industry, due to the uniqueness of their technological and physiologically functional properties. Production of domestic lecithin is increasing rapidly, it has a high export potential. Development of operational methods for controlling their quality using modern analytical instruments that ensure accuracy and reproducibility of the results is relevant today. The most promising methods are the ones for assessing the quality of oilseed raw materials and products of its processing, including lecithins, based on the NMR pulsed method.
The aim of the research is to develop a method for determining the acid number (AN) of liquid soya lecithins using a NMR pulsed method. It has been shown that for the development of a method for determining the AN of liquid soya lecithins, it is necessary to carry out special sample preparation of the sample taking into account the parameters specified for soya lecithins, namely, the ratio of the system «soya lecithin - carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) - NaOH solution» should be equal to 1.0: 3.0: 0.6 ( by weight), and the duration of active contacting of the specified system should be at least 1.5 minutes The indicated sample preparation of samples of liquid soya lecithins will allow obtaining accurate and reproducible results of measuring the amplitude of NMR signals of soap protons, which is an analytical parameter characterizing the content of lipids exhibiting acidic properties in lecithin. Method for determining the AN of liquid soya lecithins based on the NMR pulsed method has been developed using the revealed dependence of the analytical parameter on the values of the AN of liquid soya lecithins, which is characterized by a high correlation coefficient (0.9943).

Providing the population with high-quality and safe food products is a priority task for the Russian Federation food industry. One of the methods for solving the problem is creation of alternative, harmless antibacterial compositions using natural components.
The aim of the research is to study the antibiotic action of the natural chitosan bacteriostat and its derivatives against Proteus bacteria. The objects of the research are high molecular weight chitosan, low molecular weight chitosan, chitosan succinate, Proteus vulgaris 222 pure culture.
The article presents the results of the research of using the solutions of high molecular weight, low molecular weight chitosan and chitosan succinate at a concentration of 1% as an antibacterial agent in relation to a pure laboratory strain of Proteus vulgaris in various concentrations of 1 cm3.
The maximum initial concentration of Proteus vulgaris cells in the product has been established, which is suppressed by 1% chitosan solutions. The growth of the inhibitory effect of the studied antibiotic substances with an increase in exposure has been shown.

The effectiveness of hydration, which is the first stage of refining vegetable oils, depends primarily on the ability of the hydrating agent to convert nonhydratable phospholipids into their hydratable forms. The latter are complex compounds with polyvalent metal ions. Iron and copper ions have a negative effect on the quality of hydrated oils and the resulting lecithins, as their resistance to oxidation reduces. Malic acid solutions can be used as a hydrating agent.
The complexation process of malic acid with iron and copper ions was studied by potentiometric titration. It was established that the introduction of iron and copper ions into the malic acid solution led to a decrease in pH values, which indicated the presence of complexation in these systems. It was established that malic acid with iron ions formed more stable complexes compared to copper ions. It was shown that the stability of complexes of malic acid with iron ions of [MeL2] type and copper ions of [MeL] type, formed in the system in the maximum amount, was significantly higher than the stability of the complex compounds of phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidic acids with these ions. Comparison of the stability constants of complexes of iron and copper ions with succinic and malic acids showed that «Me – malic acid complexes» were more stable. Thus, the obtained results allow us to recommend aqueous solutions of malic acid as a hydrating agent for hydration of phospholipids from vegetable oils.

Technological qualities of wheat dough are associated with the structural and mechanical properties of grain described by indicators of strength or hardness. Information about them must be taken into account when preparing grain for processing.
The aim of the research was a comparative assessment of the effect of virtuosity and hardness of grain on the quality of the obtained flour and bakery and pasta made from it. The following hard and soft wheat varieties of different districts of the Orenburg region harvest of the last 5 years were studied: 10 Orenburgskaya, 200 Bezenchukskaya, 21 Orenburgskaya, Bezenchuksky amber, 3 Kharkovskaya, 3 Step, 42 Saratovskaya, Uchitel, 13 Orenburgskaya, 3 Yugo-vostochnaya, Varyag, Prokhorovka, L-503.
The virtuosity of grain was determined in the traditional way, the hardness of the grain – using the developed fractographic analysis, using computer (technical) vision algorithms to describe the geometric characteristics of the size and shape of the particles of ground grain.
The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the virtuosity and hardness of grain of hard and soft wheat varieties. It is shown that the yield of premium flour decreases, the ash content increases, grain size and other quality standards deteriorate when processing wheat with a low virtuosity. High values of the coefficients of multiple correlation between and technological properties of wheat have been found. The conducted correlation analysis establishes the presence of close relationships between the structural and mechanical properties of wheat and its technological quality indicators. The vitreous nature of wheat allows us to predict the bakery and pasta advantages of flour from this grain. Hardness index also reveals a large degree of influence on wheat quality indicators.

Beet pulp is a secondary resource of the sugar industry which consists mainly of high molecular weight polysaccharides. However, 1/8 of beet pulp is not demanded by domestic industry but this fact makes it promising as the main carrier of nutrients for the microbiological industry, in particular, the microbiological synthesis of alternative fuels. The article provides an overview of domestic and foreign scientific research on obtaining alternative fuel resources. The main ones are hydrogen, methane, ethanol, butanol and acetone. Currently, the highest yield of fuel resources obtained by the microbiological method reaches 0.4 g/g of sugars. When using
Escherichia coli, the end product is ethanol, and Clostridium beijerinckii is acetone and butanol.
Methane production is at the level of 502.5 l/kg of volatile solids, and that of hydrogen is 197.9 ml/g of total carbon, however, the microorganisms used are not named by the authors. To achieve such indicators the method of preparing beet pulp is important, since it is necessary to hydrolyze the largest amount of polysaccharides into monosaccharides. So, pre-treatment of beet pulp with sulfuric acid can increase the degree of hydrolysis from 33% to 93%. 
In addition, beet pulp can be used to immobilize Saccharomyces cerevisiae when processing molasses or syrup solutions for ethanol synthesis, providing up to 7 fermentation cycles before the retention agent loses its properties. The production of ethanol in this case will be 0.446 g/g of sugars. The works aimed at a feasibility study of the feasibility of installing biogas plants at sugar factories for various regions of Russia are considered. However, since Russia is a country with significant reserves of fossil fuels, the payback period for the introduction of biogas plants is quite high.

Secondary apple processing resources – apple pomace formed during the production of direct-squeezed juice, serve as a valuable source of a complex of antioxidants such as phenolic compounds, contain dietary fiber, including pectin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, B vitamins, macro and trace elements. The article overviews modern research in the field of obtaining food ingredients from the secondary resources of apple processing.
So, apple pomace has been studied by many researchers as a promising source of biologically active phenolic compounds, which are used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to their high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Apple pomace is used as raw material for pectins due to the widespread use of pectin in the food industry (production of marshmallows, marmalade, confiture, jams, sausages, juices, yogurts, bakery products and other products), medicine and pharmaceuticals (production of baby granules, suspensions, gels, for imparting viscosity to emulsions, binding of heavy metal ions, healing of wounds, development of nutrient media), the cosmetics industry (production of certain types of face masks and gels).
As a result of bioconversion of apple pomace, a number of edible organic acids of the L form can be obtained: acetic, citric and lactic acids. A review of modern foreign studies in the field of obtaining food ingredients from apple pomace showed the promise of their use as a valuable raw material, as well as the relevance and need for the development of domestic highly effective innovative technologies for the production of phenolic compounds, pectin and food organic acids to solve the problems of import substitution.

In modern conditions artificial intelligence technologies are actively developed and used around the world. The accelerated development of artificial intelligence technologies over the past years suggests paying attention to the problems of introducing artificial intelligence systems into the system of state and municipal government in Russia. The effectiveness of Russian state and municipal government depends on the performance of state and municipal authorities, on the resource intensity of their management decisions. Currently, the improvement of the Russian system of state and municipal government is carried out against the background of the development and implementation of artificial intelligence technologies.
The purpose of the article is to determine the requirements for the organizational and economic mechanism for introducing artificial intelligence technologies in Russia. To achieve the goal, the tasks of determining the demand for artificial intelligence technologies in Russia, highlighting the problems of implementing information and communication technologies in public administration are being addressed. The methodological basis of the study are systemic and empirical approaches. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are works of domestic and foreign authors in the field of artificial intelligence, the implementation of information and communication technologies in the public administration system. The result of the study is determination of the requirements for the organizational and economic mechanism for implementing artificial intelligence technologies and the proposed theoretical model of the organizational and economic mechanism for introducing artificial intelligence technologies in Russia.

The purpose of the research is to determine the main directions for improving the system of evaluating work and positions and adapting the known principles of labor analysis to personnel. The dynamic development of the personnel management system and innovation in production and business activities has led to an increase in the demand for socio-economic systems for the innovative development of personnel systems and their constant updating, increasing demand for highly qualified, creative personnel, and requires constant training of workers in accordance with the requirements to the positions. The currently used analysis of work includes the most diverse aspects of developments in the field of organizational thinking and serves as the basis for obtaining a more objective basis for describing job descriptions, determining training needs and wages. Lifelong learning is becoming an imperative of our time and one of the main conditions for the formation of competitive advantages of labor resources and organizations.
A theoretical study confirms the growing role of labor analysis and the transformation of the latter into a leading factor in the modern organization of labor. The practical significance of the research results consists in a comparative analysis of the most popular assessment methods, as well as the possibilities of their use to improve work of personnel.

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to improve the mechanism of state regulation and support for small business in the framework of stimulating the development of the economy.
The subject of the research is the mechanism of state regulation and support of small business in the conditions of economic instability.
The purpose of the research is development of measures to improve the efficiency of the mechanism of state regulation and support of small business in modern conditions.
The article substantiates the high importance of the institution of entrepreneurship in the socio-economic development of territories. Small business contributes to saturating the market with a variety of goods and services, increasing tax revenues to budgets of all levels, creating additional jobs and, as a result, reducing unemployment and social tension in society, etc.
The problems limiting the functioning of small enterprises are associated with a high tax burden, limited financial resources, imperfect legislation, excessive inspections of the tax authorities, difficulty in accessing material resources and infrastructure, etc. 
Measures of state regulation and support of small businesses are related to the implementation of administrative and economic methods, including legal regulation, antitrust policy, price and income control, training, licensing, subsidies, credit programs, budget investment, state guarantees, property support, etc.
Having analyzed the current state of small business, it has been concluded that the state support measures are not sufficiently effective and directions for improving the mechanism of financial support for small enterprises have been proposed.

The article presents research materials on the selection of in vitro drought tolerant somatic tea clones (Sc-4, Sc-15, Sc-27, Sc-33) obtained by induction of hemogenesis from callus tissue. Osmotic stress was modeled by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG-30.0 g/l) to the growth medium. Changes in physiological parameters during water deficiency were studied by the relative electrical conductivity and stability of cell membranes using a ST300C conductometer.
The addition of PEG to the nutrient medium caused an increase in electrical conductivity in all studied somatic tea clones, with the exception of Sc-27, in which this indicator was lower compared to the control one.
The stability of cell membranes in Sc-27 was higher compared to the control one. These data indicate a low level of damage to plant tissue. PCR analysis showed that the dehydrin 2 (DHN2) gene, one of the main genetic markers of drought response of plants, was expressed significantly higher in somaclone Sc-27. For all the parameters studied the Sc-27 somatic tea clone can be preliminarily selected as a drought tolerant genotype and can be used in a further breeding program.

The article presents the results of studies of the allelopathic properties of perennial gasforming plants adapted to the abiotic and adaphic conditions of the foothill zone of the KBR. The decrease in the stability of agrocenosis, especially in mixed crops, is associated with the allelopathic activity of the plants that make up the cenosis. The objects of the research are phytocenoses designed in two ways: continuous and strip. The phytocenosis consists of pasture ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), meadow bluegrass (Poa praténsis L.), metropolitan bent (Agróstis stolonífera L.), red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), sheep fescue (Festuca ovina L.). The results of studies of the allelopathic properties of ragweed and the possibility of inhibiting its growth and development with some cereal components of lawn phytocenosis were obtained. Allelopathic activity of perennial cereal plants in clean crops was lower than in mixed phytocenosis. Pure crops of sheep fescue (Festuca ovina L.) and red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) had low allelopathic activity of 28 UEK) and 35 UEK respectively. Metropolitan bent (Agróstis stolonífera L.) and pasture ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) had the highest allelopathic activity, 94 UEK and 78 UEK respectively.
In the third year of the functioning of the lawn phytocenosis, the competitive power of ragweed decreased 1.75 times in the strip structure of the phytocenosis and 3.99 times in the continuous structure of the phytocenosis. The results of the study can be used to combat segetal vegetation, in particular, wormwood in the residential zone by creating stable lawn phytocenoses.

The article presents the results of the research, according to a comparative assessment of the most promising maize hybrids of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «NGC named after P.P. Lukyanenko» breeding, proposed for cultivation in the foothill zone of the Republic of Adygea. When observing the vegetative period of corn plants, its length was noted to be about 116-124 days, depending on the hybrid. The Krasnodar 395СВ VL hybrid stood out for a longer vegetation period, and the Krasnodar 377AMV hybrid turned out to be the most precocious. According to the parameters of plant growth and the height of attachment of the cob to the stem, the Krasnodar 395СВ ВЛ (132 cm) hybrid stood out, the lowest indicators were noted for the Krasnodar 377AMV hybrid (118 cm).
The formation of a high leafy mass along with a high yield of full-fledged corn grain is very important for livestock. In this case, an advantage in productivity indicators was noted for the Krasnodar 395СВ VL hybrids with a grain yield of 48,3 t/ha and Krasnodar 385MV – 45,3 t/ha. Higher grain yields were obtained from the Krasnodar 395СВ VL hybrid – 6,48 t/ha of grain, which exceeded other samples by an average of 0,20-0,44 t/ha of grain, and it turned out to be the most profitable among the studied hybrids (85,1 %).
According to the results of the study, agricultural producers of the Republic of Adygea will benefit from the cultivation of domestic maize hybrids such as Krasnodar 395СВ ВЛ and Krasnodar 370МВ, which are able to ensure high profitability of manufactured products within 85,1 %, 80,9 %, respectively.

Biological preparations should be used as an alternative to chemical preparations to protect crops from pests for effective and environmentally friendly cultivation of white cabbage plants in the south of Russia. When developing new technologies for growing vegetable products, entomopathogenic nematodes, which act as effective protection of vegetable crops from pests, have increasingly been used. When they are applied many researchers get environmentally friendly products with increased yields up to 35-40 %.
In the conditions of the KBR the number of Lepidoptera caterpillars often exceeds the threshold level of safety, thereby forcing farmers to resort to immediate treatment with fast-acting drugs to save the yield of white cabbage. In this regard, Lepidocide was tested as one of the most promising and the most safe and effective remedy of all Russian preparations containing endoxin. The widely used Decis expert preparation has many negative properties, including environmental pollution and reduced environmental friendliness of the products. And also, as practice shows, it is not always effective in arid regions where white cabbage is cultivated.
During white cabbage harvesting the plants are quite resistant to pests, however, with their mass distribution, the marketability of the cabbage worsens significantly, and in order to maintain environmental standards it is necessary to use biological products that can effectively cope with the pests by reducing their numbers. It was experimentally proved that the use of Lepidocide preparation during the experiments allowed to obtain high-quality products. Lepidocide was also used in studies to reduce the number of caterpillars of cabbage butterfly. Studies showed that they were less susceptible to the effects of Lepidocide. When assessing the yield a significant increase in the experience was not noted. In the version without the use of preparations (water), this indicator amounted to 4.22 t/ha, in the version with Decis expert, CE – 4.53 t/ha, when treated with Lepidocide – 4.48 t/ha