The process of obtaining high-quality tobacco seeds is very laborious, and at present many operations are performed manually at All-Russian Research Institute of Tobacco, Makhorka and Tobacco Products. The process of obtaining tobacco seeds at the Institute consists of the following operations: harvesting of inflorescences, drying of inflorescences, destruction of inflorescences, screening out coarse impurities, final cleaning in an air stream. An attempt was made earlier to mechanize and improve working conditions at the stage of final purification of the seed mixture. A unit for the final purification of tobacco seeds was developed, manufactured and tested. In this article other modes of final purification of the tobacco seed mixture to improve mechanization and productivity of the same unit have been tested. The seed mix of the 2019 harvest has been used in the studies. Coarse impurities have been separated from the seed mix by sieving through sieves with different hole sizes. Earlier modes of double final purification of seed mixture were proposed. In this research the previously proposed double cleaning modes have been taken as control ones, and in the experiment three-fold modes with a higher feed rate of the seed mixture have been used. As a result, the experimental modes provide identical removal of contaminants, however, the productivity of the unit increases 2 – 3 times due to the shorter total duration of purification, and mechanization is also improved due to a more uniform flow of the seed mixture. In this case, there is no need for the constant presence of an operator, and the process of final purification of the tobacco seed mixture is reduced only to its loading and unloading.

The article describes the varieties of elderberry, and the process of black elderberry fruits ripening. External characteristics of flowers, followed by ripening of fruits, have been described. The main components useful for the human body have been identified, which are contained in the fruits of the black elderberry. The effect of elderberry fruits on the human body when used for medicinal purposes has been. Elderberry fruits have a coloring substance that must be added to confectionery creams, sweets, marshmallows, as well as to liqueurs and wine products to give the products color and nutmeg taste. Elderberry fruits can be eaten fresh, ripe, but the most delicious and more useful fruits are provided in processed form, especially in juice and dried form. The useful properties of elderberry have been described, as well as the dangerous properties that appear in case of eating unripe elderberry fruits growing in the Republic of Belarus. The detailed composition of the components of elderberry fruit has been considered, all its useful properties noted. Particular attention is paid to the chemical composition of elderberry fruit, detailed amino acid composition of elderberry fruit has been given, and the composition of anthocyanin content in juice of direct extraction from elderberry fruit has been shown. The use of elderberry pomace in the food industry for the preparation of jam, jams, confiture, preserves and other products, as well as adding to wine, alcoholic beverages, to impart nutmeg taste, in the confectionery industry to add to dough and giving the product an almond smell has been described. It is especially noted that the pomace from elderberries contains biological active substances, bioflavonoids, anthocyanins, which confirms their immediate importance and the need to use for the creation of many products for preventive and functional purposes in the food industry.

Currently encapsulation of food ingredients using liposomal systems formed by natural phospholipids is of greatest interest for food industry. One of the advantages of encapsulation using liposomal systems is the amphiphilicity of the phospholipids that form them, which allows both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ingredients to be encapsulated, while most other encapsulating agents can only encapsulate hydrophilic ingredients. The article reviews the existing methods for obtaining liposomal systems. It has been shown that the most common classical method for obtaining liposomes, namely, the method of a thin film hydration does not allow obtaining liposomal dispersions that are uniform in shape and size. Moreover, this method requires a large consumption of organic solvents. Physical methods have been considered that make it possible to obtain uniform in shape and size liposome dispersions, in particular, ultrasonic treatment, extrusion under pressure, and microfluidization. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods have been presented. Alternative methods of obtaining liposomal systems without the use of toxic organic solvents and detergents have been considered. It should be noted that development of methods for producing liposomal systems that could be implemented on an industrial scale for the intensive introduction of these systems in food technology is now becoming increasingly important.

Currently, one of the main tasks facing manufacturers is the development and implementation of the HACCP system in the production of high-quality food products. In Russia the conformity of HACCP systems is confirmed by certification. In February 2001, the Gosstandart of Russia registered the HACCP voluntary certification system. It’s purpose is to control all hazardous factors that are likely to threaten the safety of food products. The article discusses the issue associated with solving the problems of ensuring safety of live kvass production at all technological stages. In our research a block diagram of the technological process for the production of «Maykopsky Chestny» kvass at LLC «MPC» Maykop Brewery plant has been analyzed and compared with the standard kvass production scheme. Potentially dangerous factors (physical, chemical, biological) have been analyzed. Critical control points (CCP) have been determined at certain stages of the technological process on the basis of the list of significant hazardous factors. The «Decision tree» method has been (GOST R 51705.1-2001) to select critical control points. This method makes it possible to determine whether this stage of the technological process is critical. The CCP have been determined by analyzing each considered hazardous factor separately and considering all the operations included in the production process diagram sequentially. In the research the situations have been considered that might reveal exceedance of fixed critical limits in the CCP and for this purpose corrective actions have been developed. The research results on the development of the HACCP system at LLC «MPK» Maykop Brewery plant will make it possible to obtain high quality live kvass.

The purpose of the research is to develop a university system of healthy nutrition, which determines the preservation and strengthening of students’ health by optimizing their nutrition in educational institutions, using an innovative menu and «high cuisine» techniques to organize a high-class student cafe. The used terminology, graphic materials and tools comply with GOST R ISO 21500-2014; UNIDO business planning methodology; methodology for developing EBRD business strategy. The peculiarities of eating behavior of students of Maykop State Technological University and the Adygh State University of the Republic of Adygea have been investigated. Peculiarities of students’ perception of the quality of services of public catering enterprises, an assessment of the structure of expenses for the acquisition of various dishes at catering enterprises, an assessment of the impact of the social status of students on the structure of consumption of products of public catering enterprises, etc. have been considered. Particular attention is paid to identifying nutritional problems existing among students in the region. On the basis of the research the directions for improving healthy nutrition of students have been identified. A university system of healthy nutrition for students has been developed, based on the philosophy of youth taste and preferences: food behavior and reasonable quality: balance in basic substances, with specified beneficial properties, a recommended diet consisting only of healthy food products. The developed system of healthy nutrition will ensure the formation and development of food culture: aesthetic taste for food and its consumption in order to reorient young people from fast and unhealthy nutrition to a healthy diet, using «high cuisine» techniques (careful preparation and careful presentation of dishes / products designed to form a sustainable high motivation for healthy eating, which persists throughout the rest of life, the quality of which can be predicted with predominant indicators. Increasing the efficiency of a public catering enterprise for students will ensure the use of the procurement automation system; takeaway cooking and delivery service; QR-code is a progressive way to get accurate on-line statistics; electronic menu.

An increase in the volume of industrial effluents, ship accidents, oil breakthroughs at drilling rigs lead to a deterioration in the quality indicators of water in open water sources, including in terms of the content of organic compounds and oil products. The water used for irrigation of agricultural crops, according to most indicators, must meet the water quality requirements for household and drinking purposes. Thus, the total content of oil products in the irrigation water should not exceed 0.1 mg / l. The use of water with the MPC excess leads to significant changes in the morphological properties of the soil, reduces the biological productivity and phytomass of the plant cover. Therefore, the issue of improving machines and devices used in water treatment technologies to increase their reliability and efficiency is one of the topical areas of the research. The aim of the study is to develop a hydrocyclone complex cleaning apparatus, which implements combined processes of capturing both coarse and finely dispersed impurities. Unlike the standard design, the hydrocyclone is supplemented with a filter element installed on the drain pipe, which provides additional water purification from fine mechanical impurities, and a sorption filter designed to remove oil products and other floating organic compounds from water. The proposed hydrocyclone unit provides a comprehensive purification of irrigation water from various types of impurities, due to the combined processes of centrifugal separation and sorption filtration. It eliminates the multistage process of water purification, and regeneration of the sorption filter by the action of centrifugal forces or pressure does not require the use of special regenerating solutions, which increases the manufacturability and environmental friendliness of the water treatment process.

The article presents the results of investigating morphological parameters of a stem and a panicle of wintering oat varieties and hybrid populations of the nursery of competitive variety trial and Avena fatua (L.) field weed species. The research has been carried out in order to identify differences in morphological characteristics of cultivated and weed-field types of oats, as well as to search for economically useful characteristics for practical use in breeding. The research focuses on lodging resistance as one of the significant economically valuable signs of increasing wintering oat productivity. The studied samples have been analyzed according to plant height, number and length of internodes, and panicle length. The role of the length of internodes and panicles in the formation of the height of both species has been determined. Differences in the length of internodes have been revealed when compared with the standard and Avena fatua (L.). The relationship between internodes and panicles with height has been shown, as well as the dependence of the developed length of each internode between the nodes of the plant itself. The performed correlation analysis has revealed the presence of a high positive relationship between the height of wintering oat plants and the length of the fifth internode (0,61) and panicle (0,91). The presence of these connections indicates the need for forms of oats with a short fifth internode and a panicle in order to increase the resistance to lodging in crosses. The use of the results of morphological analysis complements the visual assessment of lodging resistance, makes it possible to characterize the parental forms used in the hybridization process, and to promote the accelerated development of varieties resistant to stem lodging.

The article presents the studies carried out in 2017 and 2018 in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory on the basis of the Agrotechnological Department of the FSBSI «National Center for Grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko». The purpose of the research was to study the dose and frequency of application of mineral fertilizers with a complex of NanoSilicon microelements, stimulating growth and development of corn and, ultimately, its yield and quality of the obtained products. Two year studies revealed the effectiveness of the positive effect of the studied drug on grain corn in all studied options. It was noted that at low or high doses of its application, a number of indicators that determine the structure of the crop and, ultimately, yield, decreased. It was found that foliar treatments increased the growing season of corn for a day. The introduction of the preparation promoted the formation of taller plants, the height of which varied from 201,3 to 212,4 cm, while in the control it was 184 cm (milk ripeness phase). In the same phase the plants had a large biological weight, which in the control was 1010,1 g/plant, and when the preparation was applied, it was 90,2–275,5 g/plant higher. Ultimately, mineral fertilization with the NanoSilicon microelement in all studied dosages had a positive effect on the corn yield, the maximum value, which was obtained when it was applied at doses of 40/75/75 (seed treatment with NanoSilicon with a rate of 40 g/ha + application by seedlings at a dose of 75 g/ha + in the phase of 7–8 leaves 75 g/ha) and 40/100/100 (seed treatment – 40 g/ha + seedlings – 100 g/ha + in the phase of 7–8 leaves – 100 g/ha), which amounted to 59,9 and 59,8 c/ha, respectively.

The article presents the results of long-term observations on the biology of common persimmon. Both positive and negative properties of this specie are given. Phenological indicators are provided: bud swelling, appearance of the first leaves, budding, flowering, fruit ripening. Diospyros virginiana L. is a hexaploid (2n = 90), however, it should be noted that along with the hexaploid race there is also a tetraploid one (2n = 60). Plants of this species are mainly dioecious, the flowers are bisexual. The flowering phase takes place in the first decade of June, which is one to two weeks later than that of the Eastern and Caucasian persimmons. The percentage of useful ovary is quite high and makes 27-29%. The fruit is smaller in size than the eastern persimmon, but three to four times larger than the Caucasian one. They have a spherical or conical shape, ranging in size from two to five cm in diameter. In a solid state, the fruits are very tart, but ripe fruits are very sweet, the sugar content reaches 20%. The ripening period is one and a half months. The number of seeds in the fruits is three to five pieces, they are larger in comparison with the seeds of the Caucasian persimmon. Diospyros virginiana L. is mainly found in the wild in the USA, where it is used as a rootstock on heavy, swampy soils for cultivated varieties of eastern persimmon, as it easily tolerates the proximity of groundwater, temporary flooding and river floods. In the Russian Federation, it is practically not used, since it is inferior in yield to plants grafted on Caucasian persimmon and forms a lot of growth. A great advantage of the common persimmon is its winter hardiness, it is much higher than that of cultivated varieties. It tolerates a drop in temperature to minus 25–280 С without any damage. In breeding, it is used to obtain varieties with high frost resistance to expand the cultivation area and move to more northern regions.

The agrotechnical significance of leguminous crops, in particular soybeans, consists in its ability to provide a huge bulk of vegetable protein and less nitrogen depletion of soils than non-legume crops [2]. Despite the fact that nitrogen symbiotically fixed by soybean plants is alienated with the harvest and taken out of the field with organic residues of leguminous crops, more nitrogen remains in the soil after them than with residues of other crops. In this regard soybeans are good predecessors in various stages of crop rotation. The article discusses topical issues of increasing productivity of leguminous crops, in particular, soybeans, when using different doses of ammophos against the background of its placement in various ways of main tillage of drained leached chernozems. In 2018–2019 studies were carried out to establish the influence of the optimal dose of mineral nutrition and the best method of soil cultivation on the productivity and quality indicators of soybeans of the French selection of the Amphora, Mentor and Isidor varieties. According to the results of the research, different effectiveness of the considered variants of the experiment was established. Thus, higher rates of soybean yield were noted in the later-maturing Isidor variety within 2,03–2,30 t/ha for plowing, and 1,70–1,91 for soil disking. The most cost-effective dose of mineral nutrition for all studied soybean varieties was the dose of 50 kg/ha of Ammophos (N6H26) against the background of plowing, where the profit from the increase in yield relative to the control was in the range of 2900–3650 rubles/ha, and against the background of disking soil the dose of Ammophos was 100 kg/ha (N12H52), where the profit was in the range of 1300–2050 rubles/ha.

The article considers shaping the regional structure in the modern Russian Federation. One of the vital functions of any state is the search for methods and forms of combining the interests of the state and its territories. The discrepancy between the interests of the state and its territorial entities, as well as the inhabitants of these territories, is a constant problem for any type of state. A state seeks to mitigate the high differentiation of its various territories, which is a destabilizing factor in the development of a state. Naturally, the difference between different regions is a consequence of the impact of natural and climatic conditions, socio-economic factors, as well as the peculiarities of the historical development of a particular region of a country. However, the state and the regions are concerned mainly due to the lagging behind a number of regions in socio-economic development. As a result, depressed regions appear. At present, in the Russian Federation there is a sharp differentiation due to the economic crisis and formation of new relations between the federal center and the regions. Taking into account the territorial extent of Russia, the achievement of sustainable development and stability is possible only with an even development of regions in economic and social terms. There is no progress on this issue on a national scale, because socio-economic and natural parameters of individual regions are worse than average ones in the state. For a modern state problems of sustainable development and territorial balance are especially important and should constantly be in the focus of the federal center.

Strategy development is one of the most important functions of enterprise management. In addition to a sound strategic plan for the successful development of an enterprise, an effective mechanism for its implementation is required. The set of actions to develop the strategy and its implementation create the prerequisites for the formation of a strategic management system. The purpose of the research is to develop and use a new approach to the classification of methods for implementing enterprise strategy, which is based on the principle of separation of methods in accordance with the tasks of strategic management. Functional approach has been used as a methodological basis of the research. It provides for the division of the strategic planning process into a number of aggregated functional tasks. Scientific publications and works of foreign and domestic scientists were used, devoted to the analysis of the formation of strategic prospects for the enterprise development. The eventual result of the research was a classification of strategic planning methods, where the main stages of the strategic planning process, the tasks of strategic choice and methods of their solution are put in logical correspondence. The main features of the classification of methods for developing and implementing a strategy are: scientific specificity or specialization; characteristics of expert information; stage of the strategy development process; the degree of determinism of the problem conditions. Theoretical significance of the research lies in the development of methodological foundations for the formation and functioning of the strategic management system of an industrial enterprise. The classification of methods of strategic planning proposed in the article in accordance with the functional characteristics of the stage of strategic planning is of practical importance. The results can be used in subdivisions of an enterprise management system that solve the problems of developing and implementing a strategy, as well as in the educational process when training bachelors in the areas of «Management» and «State and Municipal Management».