RETRACTED: Net soybean crops photosynthesis productivity and its dynamics depending on the application of herbicides and fertilizers

RETRACTED ARTICLE

   Introduction. Scientific and practical interest in soybeans is associated with their unique nutritional properties, which ensures their widespread use in the food, feed, and industrial sectors.

   A relevant research area is the development of new approaches to the protection of high-yielding varieties from weeds.

   The goal of the research was to identify the influence of mineral background and various herbicides on the level of net photosynthetic productivity of soybean crops and the dynamics of its formation.

   The methods. The experimental work was carried out in 2022–2024 on the territory of the Chechen Research Institute of Agriculture, located in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Ciscaucasia. The soils were represented by leached chernozem of medium thickness: humus content was 3.9 %; available phosphorus was 18–21 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium was 120–150 mg/kg, the reaction of the soil solution was pH 6.9.

   The research subjects were the promising Amadeus, SG SR Pikor, and Smuglyanka soybean varieties as well as the herbicides Gambit, Hermes, and Bambu.

   The results. It was found that the highest net photosynthetic productivity was observed early in the growing season, typically peaking during budding and early flowering. As the plants transitioned to flowering and further development, when photosynthetic organs were actively forming, a gradual decrease in this indicator was observed. A significant and dramatic decrease in photosynthetic efficiency was recorded at the final stage of the growing season. With the addition of a mineral supplement (P90 K60), net photosynthetic productivity increased at all measurement periods. Thus, under an unfertilized background (variant Gambit-3.2 + Hermes-0.9, SG SR Pikor variety), it was 2.80 g/m² x day, and under a P90 K60 background, it was 3.18 g/m² x day.

   Conclusion. Herbicides contributed to an increase in net photosynthetic productivity. High NPP values were observed at the beginning of the growing season, and the maximum value was characteristic of the budding-inception of flowering phase. With the addition of a mineral background (P90 K60), NPP increased at all measurement times.

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