Assessing the adaptability and productivity resilience of cherry plum and plum varieties in the dry subtropics of the Southern Dagestan

Introduction. The article substantiates the orientation of fruit growing toward a system of adaptive landscape farming and adaptive horticulture. The key areas have been identified: specialization and placement of varieties taking into account soil and climatic features, optimization of planting patterns, development of regional soil maintenance and moisture systems. The prospects for implementing the concept in the Republic of Dagestan have been shown: yield increase, economic effect. The goal of the research is to determine the relationships between yield, stability, productivity and adaptability from environmental conditions. The objects and methods of the research are the following plum varieties: Kabardinskaya Rannyaya, Vengerka Belorusskaya, Vengerka Italianskaya, Admiral Nakhimov, Stanley, President, Angelica, Zolotaya Kaplya, as well as the following cherry plum varieties: Rajabli, Obilnaya, Purpurovaya, Dessertnaya, Zhemchuzhina, Sputnitsa, Pionerka, Kometa; local and wild cherry plum root-stock. Observations and records when determining the criteria for the growth and development of the tree and fruit have been carried out using generally accepted methods in fruit growing, using methods of processing experimental data in fruit growing. The results and discussion. A comprehensive assessment of the environmental conditions of the area has been conducted based on the study and synthesis of long-term research results. A comprehensive assessment of the adaptability of plum and cherry plum varieties has been presented, as well as the relationship between adaptability and changes in technological support and economic indicators reflecting the crisis processes in horticulture. The ranges of variation in the coefficient of sustainability of fruiting productivity and long-term yield of plum and cherry plum varieties have been clarified. Conclusion. The identified patterns of relationships between the biological potential of plum and cherry plum varieties and the environment allow for planting in specific microzones and expansion of plantings in dry subtropical regions. An economic assessment of plum varieties has shown that profitability levels range from 70 to 140%. Calculations of the economic efficiency of adaptive (sustainable) cultivation of cherry plum varieties indicate an average annual benefit of 2,172,000 to 4,178,000 rubles.

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