The yield structure of promising soybean varieties depending on the sowing density in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

The yield structure of Puma and Amigo soybean varieties, cultivated for the first time in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania using effective agrotechnical practices was examined. The data obtained indicated a direct relationship between seeding density, metric indicators, and the productive qualities of promising soybean varieties.

The goal of the research was to study the biological productivity and metric indicators of early-ripening soybean varieties depending on seeding density.

The objects and methods. The experiments were conducted using seeds of the aforementioned soybean varieties. The research methodology was based on the generally accepted method; the experiments were conducted according to B.A. Dospekhov’s method. The research was repeated three times, the plot area was 24 m2, the total experimental area was 288 m². The research area consisted of experimental plots at the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture, a branch of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SKNIIGPSH VSC RAS). The soils were leached chernozems with optimal nitrogen (total and gross) and potassium reserves; the sum of average daily temperatures was at least 3000°C.

The results and discussion. The conducted research showed that increase in soybean seeding density of the studied Puma and Amigo varieties from 400 to 600 thousand pcs/ha contributed to decrease in the total seed weight (by 3.79-6.82%), decrease in the number of branches (by 35.29-43.75%), seeds obtained from one plant (8.82-12.19%), seeds of one pod (by 3.96-5.19%), the number of pods (by 10.33-19.20%); at the same time, an increase in the height of lower pod attachment (by 3.54-6.82%), soybean plant height (by 2.78-7.78%) and yield (by 14.8128.76%) was noted.

Conclusion. The most productive soybean variety was Puma, the yield of which at maximum sowing density was 1.97 t/ha; Amigo variety demonstrated a somewhat modest yield of 1.61 t/ha, while both varieties were quite productive with increased seeding density.

1. Soybean plant response to microelement fertilization / Dzanagov S.Kh. [et al.] // Bulletin of the Gorsk State Agrarian University. 2013. Vol. 50, No. 4. P. 22-26. https://elibrary.ru/rzdqjj. [In Russ.]

2. Tedeeva V.V., Tedeeva A.A. Biopreparations as factors for increasing soybean productivity // Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2024. Vol. 24, No. 7. P. 885-895. https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2024-24-06-885-895. [In Russ.]

3. Features of the application of soil cultivation methods in the cultivation of soybeans in the foreststeppe zone / Nafikov M.M. [et al.] // Agrarian science. 2024. No. 4. P. 70-74. https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-381-4-70-74. [In Russ.]

4. Zhichkina L.N. Economic assessment of the choice of the primary soil cultivation system in the cultivation of soybeans // Ostrovskie readings. 2022. No. 1. P. 89-92. https://elibrary.ru/rahfbs. [In Russ.]

5. Improving the technology of soybean cultivation in the conditions of the steppe zone of the KBR / Bzheumykhov V.S. [et al.] // Bulletin of the Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov. 2025. No. 3(49). P. 26-35. https://doi.org/10.55196/2411-3492-2025-3-49-26-35. [In Russ.]

6. Mamsirov N.I., Mnatsakanyan A.A. Promising soybean varieties and elements of their agricultural technology // Bulletin of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2021. No. 3(101). P. 55-63. https://doi.org/10.35330/1991-6639-2021-3-101-55-63. [In Russ.]

7. Optimum seeding rates and sowing methods of promising soybean varieties in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania / Kazachenko I.G. [et al.] // Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2011. No. 3 (82). P. 6-7. https://elibrary.ru/pajrad. [In Russ.]

8. Tedeeva V.V., Abaev A.A., Tedeeva A.A. Productivity of soybean varieties depending on agrotechnical practices // Bulletin of KrasSAU. 2023. No. 9 (198). P. 17-24. https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2023-9-17-24. [In Russ.]

9. Efficiency of soybean cultivation depending on the sowing method and seeding rate / Bulavintsev R.A. [et al.] // Bulletin of agrarian science. 2023. No. 1 (100). P. 56-62. https://doi.org/10.17238/issn2587-666X.2023.1.56. [In Russ.]

10. Irgalina R.Sh. Efficiency of soybean cultivation in the Republic of Bashkortostan // Russian electronic scientific journal. 2023. No. 4(50). P. 169-175. https://doi.org/10.31563/2308-9644-2023-50-4-169-175.

11. Ikoeva L.P., Khaeva O.E., Batsazova T.M. The influence of sowing dates and seeding rates on soybean yields in the conditions of the foothill zone of North Ossetia-Alania // News of the Mountain State Agrarian University. 2019. Vol. 56, No. 1. P. 25-30. https://elibrary.ru/qlcqep. [In Russ.]

12. Ikoeva L.P., Khaeva O.E., Batsazova T.M. Efficiency of using mineral fertilizers in growing soybeans in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania // Bulletin of the Gorsk State Agrarian University. 2018. Vol. 55, No. 2. P. 33-38. https://elibrary.ru/uspvri. [In Russ.]

13. The role of biological products and their tank mixtures in increasing disease resistance and productivity of soybeans / A.T. Farniev [et al.] // Niva Povolzhya. 2019. No. 4 (53). P. 86-92. https://doi.org/10.36461/NP.2019.52.3.013. [In Russ.]

14. Kazachenko I.G. Optimal sowing dates for promising soybean varieties in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania // Bulletin of the Gorsk State Agrarian University. 2010. Vol. 47, No. 1. P. 31-34. https://elibrary.ru/orgtiz. [In Russ.]

15. Dospekhov B.A. Field experiment methodology: (with the basics of statistical processing of research results). Moscow: Alliance. 2011. 350 p. https://elibrary.ru/qlcqep. [In Russ.].