Adaptation of agrotechnical practices for Slavia soybean variety cultivation

   Introduction. Soybean occupies a special place among grain legumes due to the unique chemical composition of its seeds, which are rich in nutrients and superior to many other agricultural crops. Studying and adjusting soybean agrotechnical practices is relevant for the southern Russia due to the specific climate, the high economic value of the crop, and the problems of soil degradation.

   The goal of the research was to determine the influence of sowing timing, rates, and methods on the growth processes and productivity of the Slavia soybean variety on drained leached chernozems to increase yield and seed quality.

   The research methods. Experimental studies were conducted according to B.A. Dospekhov's Field Experiment Methodology.

   The results. Laboratory analysis revealed a seed germination rate of 96%; field germination ensured that ≥ 80 % of plants survived at harvest. Survival rates improved significantly with a decrease in plant density to 0.6 million pcs/ha and a narrowing of row spacing to 15 cm, demonstrating an increase of up to 93 %. The highest weed density (100.3 pcs/m²) was observed before harvest in the variants with an early sowing date, the minimum seeding rate (0.2 million pcs/ha), and the smallest possible row spacing. The dry matter mass of one plant varied from 9.09 to 18.45 g. Analysis of the main parameters revealed their high level: the number of pods per plant varied from 8.2 to 36.8 pcs, and the number of seeds varied from 7.3 to 37.9 pcs. The 1,000-seed weight ranged from 212 to 276 g. The average yield was 1.11 to 3.79 t/ha. Late sowing dates were noted to reduce yields due to moisture insecurity; it was particularly pronounced in 2024.

   Conclusion. To achieve maximum economic efficiency in soybean cultivation, early row sowing with 15 cm row spacing and a seeding rate of 0.6 million seeds per hectare is recommended. This will allow for yields of up to 3.79 t/ha with a profitability of 76.5 %.

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