Agrosphere problems in hazelnut cultivation
https://doi.org/10.24411/2072-0920-2019-10409
Abstract
An analysis of industrial cultivation of hazelnut culture in leading countries and in Russia has shown that it is conducted by extensive and intensive technologies. The leader in the production of hazelnuts is Turkey, which produces hazelnuts by expanding the area to 700 thousand ha, but with low productivity (77 kg / ha). Italian and American hazelnut cultivators have developed intensive technologies for its cultivation, using their varieties (adaptive) in standard formations and with irrigation. The crop yield is , respectively, 146-254 kg / ha. Azerbaijan and Georgia are among the five leading states for the production of hazelnuts based on adaptive varieties bred by folk selection, introduced and tested in local conditions. Turkish hazelnut producers see them as their direct competitors. The heat-loving hazelnut is confined to the southern regions of Russia – the Crimea, the Krasnodar Territory and the foothills of the Caucasus. Geographical location of the Crimean peninsula is due to various natural zones – from the steppe (most) to the (extensive) subtropical one (narrow strip). The limiting conditions for growing hazelnuts here are the minimum winter temperatures and frosts in April, as well as low moisture reserves. Cultivation experiments in the Crimea, in the lower Volga region and in the Stavropol Territory have shown that it is necessary not only to create drought and frost resistant varieties, but also to develop appropriate technologies for them (irrigation, placement and formations). Studying the wild forms of hazel contributes to the cultivation of acclimatized varieties with increased resistance to adverse conditions, diseases and pests.
About the Authors
T. D. BesedinaRussian Federation
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, a chief researcher of the Design and Technology Bureau
Ts. V. Tutberidze
Russian Federation
Candidate of Agricultural sciences, an associate professor, head of the Depart-ment of Subtropical and Southern fruit crops
G. B. Toriya
Russian Federation
junior researcher of the Department of Subtropical and Southern Fruit Crops
References
1. Adamen F.F., Sidorenko E.A. Hazelnuts in the conditions of the eastern part of the foothill Crimea [Electronic resource] // Collection of articles of the IV International correspondence scientific-practical conference (March 23 – April 2, 2017). M., 2017. P. 27-31. URL: https://nauchforum.ru/conf/med/iv/19412.
2. Arveladze G.A., Arveladze R.G. Agroclimatic zoning of Georgia as applied to hazelnut culture // Meteorology and Hydrology. 2007. No. 5. P. 95-98.
3. Bayramova D.B. The gene pool of nut crops in Azerbaijan // Fruit growing: collection of scientific papers. Samokhvalovichi, 2014.P. 389-393.
4. Bayramova D. B., Sultanov I. M. Productivity and quality of fruits of introduced varieties of hazelnuts // Collection of scientific works of GNSS. 2017. V. 144-4. P. 164-166.
5. Balabak O.A., Balabak A.V. Estimation of potential frost varieties of hazelnuts (Сorylus domestica) [Electronic resource] // Zabalansovane zakrytokoristuvannya. 2017. No. 2. P. 90-93. URL: https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_29801309_14854257.pdf
6. Biganova S.G. The quality of fruits of promising forms of hazel and hazelnut varieties in the lower mountainous part of the Northwest Caucasus // Bulletin of Maykop State Technological University. 2010. Issue. 2. P. 13-18.
7. Biganova S.G., Sukhorukikh Yu.I., Isushcheva T.A. The gene pool of common hazel and the prospects for its development in the Republic of Adygea // Horticulture and viticulture. 2014. No. 4. P. 28-31.
8. Some programmatic and methodological aspects of breeding hazel (hazelnut) in the Western Caucasus. Analytical review / Biganova S.G., Sukhorukikh Yu.I., Pchikhachev E.K., Fomicheva E.O. // New technologies. 2016. Issue. 4. P. 103-109.
9. Bulatova A.Sh. Introduction of hazelnut varieties in the Lower Volga region // Bulletin of the Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2004. No. 3. P. 71-72.
10. Vazhov V.I. Guidelines for assessing the climatic conditions of wintering fruit crops in Crimea. Yalta, 1979. 35 p.
11. Vitkovsky V.L. Fruit plants of the world. St. Petersburg: Lan, 2003.592 p.
12. Modern methodological aspects of selection process organization in Horticulture and Viticulture / E.A. Egorov [et al.]. Krasnodar: SKZNIISiV, 2012. 569 p.
13. Zhuchenko A.A. Adaptive strategy for the sustainable development of Russian agriculture in the 21st Century. Theory and practice: in 2 vol. Volume 2. M.: Agrorus, 2009. P. 115-138.
14. Kazaliev K.K., Mursalov M.M., Zagirov N.G. Problems of increasing economic efficiency of hazelnut production in Dagestan // Economics of agricultural and processing enterprises. 2007. No. 4. P. 40-42.
15. Kazaliev K.K., Mursalov M.M., Zagirov N.G. Improving the economic efficiency of hazelnut production in Dagestan // Reports of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. M., 2008. P. 22-23.
16. Karpun N.N., Yanushevskaya E.B. The scientific basis of risk assessment for soil microcenosis of chemical means of protection of southern fruit crops // Innovative developments in cultivation of subtropical and southern fruit crops. Sochi, 2016. P. 190-209.
17. Kozlovskaya Z.A., Yarmolich S.A. Walnut crops in Belarus [Electronic re-source] // New and non-traditional plants and prospects for their use. 2018. No. 13. P. 69-73. Access Mode: https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_35359115_96437356.pdf
18. Kosenko I.S., Balabak A.A., Cultivation of varieties and forms of hazelnuts (Corylus domestica) in the rightbank foreststeppe of the Ukraine [Electronic resource] // Prospects for the development of agroindustrial complex in modern conditions: proceedings of the VII International Scientific and Practical Conference (Vladikavkaz, 12 April 14, 2017). Vladikavkaz: GTA, 2017.P. 35-37. Access Mode: https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_30002898_78495309.pdf
19. Makhno V.G. The use of the Corylus genus in decorative and industrial gardening // Subtropical and decorative gardening. 2014. Issue. 50. P. 232-235.
20. Innovative technology for growing hazelnuts in the south and the central Black Earth region: a monograph / V.G. Makhno [et al.]. Belgorod: LitKaraVan, 2014. 304 p.
21. Mursalov S.M., Sapukova A.Ch., Magomedova A.A. Phenology of flowering hazelnuts of the Ata Baba variety in the central part of the Primorsky Lowland of Dagestan in 2018 // Fruit growing and viticulture in the South of Russia. Krasnodar, 2018. 53(5). P. 27-36.
22. Features of adaptive production technology of planting material of fruit and subtropical crops in the Republic of Dagestan / Mursalov M.M. [et al.] // Fruit growing and berry growing in Russia. 2008. V. XVIII. P. 249-253.
23. Pashaev E.A. Agabeyli T.A. On the mechanization of harvesting subtropical and nut crops in Azerbaijan // Bulletin of Michurinsky State University. 2012. No. 3. P. 171-174.
24. The program and methodology of variety studies of fruit, berry and nutbearing crops / ed. by E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova. Eagle: VNIISPK, 1999. 608 p.
25. Pchikhachev E.K. Features of growing hazelnuts in the North Caucasus. Maykop, 2013. 136 p.
26. Selyaninov G.T. Prospects for the subtropical economy of the USSR in connection with natural conditions. L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1961. 195 p.
27. Semenyutina A.V., Khuzhakhmetova A.Sh. Adaptation of varieties in the dry steppe // The current state of forestry and landscaping in the Republic of Kazakhstan: problems, solutions and prospects: proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the organization of the NCP of the forestry of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan (August 23-24, 2007, Schuchinsk city). Almaty, 2007. P. 371-373.
28. Semenyutina A.V., Bulatova A. Hazelnuts in the Lower Volga region // Homestead farming. 2008. No. 2. P. 60-62.
29. Forest fruit species of the Northwest Caucasus: in 3 books. Book 1. Dogwood, hazel, sea buckthorn, walnut / Yu.I. Sukhorukov [et al.]. Maykop: Quality, 2010. 192 p.
30. Chepurnoy V.S., Levchenko E.V., Karachansky A.T. The influence of the design of hazelnut plantings on productivity and formation of antierosion parameters of the woody parts of plants // Fruit growing and viticulture in southern Russia. 2017. No. 46. P. 66-79.
Review
For citations:
Besedina T.D., Tutberidze Ts.V., Toriya G.B. Agrosphere problems in hazelnut cultivation. New Technologies. 2019;(4):89-110. https://doi.org/10.24411/2072-0920-2019-10409
Email this article 
