Technology of ecologically safe vegetable crops cultivation in the highlands of Kabardino-Balkaria

One of the ways to solve the problem of obtaining ecologically safe agricultural products is introduction of a special crop rotation based on organic farming in clean phytosanitary zone of the highlands of the republic. Spatial isolation of the mountain zone will allow growing high-quality ecologically safe vegetable products obtained by cultivation agricultural plants with typical morphological characteristics and economic and biological qualities incident to a particular variety. This will be greatly facilitated by the natural conditions of the highlands which are free from quarantine objects, viral and mycoplasmal diseases, other dangerous diseases and pests. Organic farming products support the fertility and natural state of soils. Organic production technology takes into account ecological processes and biodiversity of the production site and avoids techniques that may do harm to the ecosystem in the future. In the conducted experiments, the potato harvest was carried out strictly according to the schedule. Potato tubers were sorted out and the yield of commercial potato and its seed fraction was calculated. Commercial tubers were those that had a diameter of not less than 40 mm. The seed fraction was about 28 to 50 mm in diameter. The obtained yield data during the research showed that Nalchiksky potato variety showed an average commercial yield of about 27.2 t / ha in 2018. In our experiments we set the goal to obtain high-quality seeds from healthy tubers. After the harvest we analyzed the tubers by chemical composition to determine nutritional values, as well as the content of starch in tubers that is an important factor. According to our data, the starch content of the Nalchiksky variety was on average 17.5%, which indicated high quality of tubers.

organic farming, ecologically safe potatoes, high mountain zone, growth phases, crop rotation, alfalfa, beans