Study of nicotine content in the aerosols of ENDS of various designs

The aim of the research is to study the features of aerosol mixture on various types of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) on a laboratory linear smoking machine to develop requirements both for the devices themselves and for the nicotine content in aerosol of liquids for ENDS. The analysis of data on aerosol collection on various types of nicotine-containing products (NCP) is relevant and in the future will allow to develop recommendations and proposals for establishing safety requirements for such devices and the composition of the aerosol produced. Since manufacturers position ENDS (e-cigarettes) as low-risk for health devices, the study of ENDS is an urgent task. The principle of operation of the devices is not associated with the combustion of tobacco as when smoking cigarettes. The article presents the results of the analysis of the nicotine content in the solid-liquid phase of the aerosol of ENDS devices. The issues of assessing the content of nicotine in the aerosol of the solid-liquid phase of innovative nicotine-containing products of such brands as «LUXLITE», «Von Erl My» and «eGo AIO» have been considered. Currently, a unified approach to the regulation of NCP and control of the content of toxic substances in the aerosol has not been developed, which leads to the use of various modes of aerosol collection on laboratory smoking machines. The article presents the aerosol collection parameters, since there are no regulatory measures to control the safety of electronic nicotine delivery systems. To determine the nicotine content in ENDS aerosol, it is recommended to use the ISO 20768 method, since when using ISO 20768exp, the stable operation of ENDS devices decreases. It has been found that different devices produce different amounts of nicotine according to the ISO 20768: 2018 aerosol collection regime. The nicotine content in the solid-liquid phase of the ENDS aerosol is influenced by the duration of the puff, and the nicotine content in the aerosol of the ENDS solid-liquid phase depends on the individual characteristics of the device operation.

1. Gnuchikh E.V., Shkidyuk M.V., Mirgorodskaya A.G. Research of innovative products – electronic systems for the delivery of nicotine // Bulletin of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies. 2018. Vol. 80, No. 3. P. 265–271.

2. Shkidyuk M.V., Mirgorodskaya A.G., Matyukhina N.N., Don T.A. Modern methods of control of nicotine-containing products / Gnuchikh E.V. [et al.] // Bulletin of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies. 2019. Vol. 8, No. 2. P. 196–201.

3. Ambrose B.E. Cigarette Use Transitions: A Case Study from Waves 1 and 2 of the PATH Study. 2017 // Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SNRT) Pre-Conference Workshop: FDA’s Population Health Standard: Balancing the Risks and Benefits in Regulatory Decision-Making, 2017.

4. Ambrose B.E. Cigarette Use Transitions: A Case Study from Waves 1 and 2 of the PATH Study. 2017 // Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SNRT) Pre-Conference Workshop: FDA’s Population Health Standard: Balancing the Risks and Benefits in Regulatory Decision-Making, 2017.

5. Electronic Cigarettes: Assessment of Analytical Literature from 55 Studies Published Worldwide prior to November 2013 on Commercial E-Cigarettes [Electronic resource] // CORESTA E-Cigarette Task Force, Reference Report. May 2014. Access mode: http://www.coresta.org/] [Cheng T. Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes // Tob. Control. 2014. V. 23, Suppl. 2. P. 11–17.

6. Proceedings of the Conference of the Parties (COP-4) of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). Uruguay, 2010.

7. Carbonyl compounds in electronic cigarette vapors-effects of nicotine solvent and battery output voltage // Nicotine Tob Res. 2014. No. 16. P. 19–26.

8. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxcants in vapor from electronic cigarettes // Tob Control. 2014. No. 23. P. 133–139.

9. Determination of carbonyl compounds generated from the electronic cigarette using coupled silica cartridgesimpregnated with hydroquinone and 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine // Bunseki Kagaku. 2011. No. 60. P. 791–797; Carbonyl compounds generated from electronic cigarettes // Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014. No. 11. P. 192–200.

10. Perezhogina T.A., Duruncha N.A., Ostapchenko I.M. Determination of nicotine in commercial samples of liquids for electronic cigarettes // New technologies. 2017. Issue. 1. P. 48–52.

11. Dutra L.M., Glantz S.A. Electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarette use among US adolescents: a crosssectional // JAMA pediatrics. 2014. Vol. 168, No. 7. P. 610–617.

12. Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes [ECs] or Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems [ENDS] [Electronic resource] / International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease // 44th Union World Conference on Lung Health (Paris, 3 November 2013). Paris, 2013.29 p. URL: https://www.theunion.org/what-we-do/publications/official/body/E-cigarette_statement_FULL.pdf

13. Adkison S.E., O’Connor R.J. Electronic nicotine delivery systems: international tobacco control four-country survey // American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2018. No. 44 (3). P. 15–207.

14. Osipov D.A. The place of electronic systems for the delivery of nicotine in the treatment of nicotine addiction: a modern view of the problem // Bulletin of modern clinical medicine. 2018. Vol. 11, No. 2. P. 46–50.

15. Zaitseva T.A., Perezhogina T.A., Gnuchikh E.V. Investigation of the content of nicotine and 3,4-benzpyrene in the solid-liquid phase of aerosol of sticks of electric systems for heating tobacco and tobacco smoke of cigarettes // New technologies. 2020. Issue. 3 (53). P. 29–37.

16. ISO 20768: 2018. Vapor products – Routine analytical vaping machine. Definitions and standard conditions, 2018. 7 p.

17. CORESTA Recommended method # 74. Determination of Selected Carbonyls in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.coresta.org/sites/default/files/technical_documents/main/CRM_74-Aug2019_0.pdf.

18. Perezhogina T.A., Medvedeva S.N., Zaitseva T.A. Determination of the total aerosol mass of electronic nicotine delivery systems using a linear-type smoking machine // Natural and technical sciences. 2019. No. 9. P. 33–40.

19. World Health Organization, 2015. WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation: Report on the Scientific Basis of Tobacco Product Regulation. WHOTechnicalReportSeries, n. 989.

20. GOST ISO 3308-2015 «Conventional laboratory machine for smoking cigarettes. Definitions and Standard Terms».

21. GOST ISO 3402-2003 «Tobacco and tobacco products. Atmospheric conditions for conditioning and testing».

22. Perezhogina T.A., Popova N.V., Eremina I.M. Features of collecting aerosols of various types of electronic nicotine delivery systems / Zaitseva T.A. [et al.] // Food technology. 2020. No. 4 (376). P. 102–106.

23. State and prospects of world scientific research on tobacco, tobacco products and innovative nicotine-containing products: collection of scientific papers of the international scientific conference (November 17, 2020). Krasnodar: Education-South, 2020. 220 p.

24. CORESTA № 84 «Determination of glycerin, propylene glycol, water, and nicotine in the aerosol of e-cigarettes by gas chromatographic analysis».