<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mkgtu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Новые технологии / New technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0920</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-0029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГТУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47370/2072-0920-2026-22-2-106-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mkgtu-885</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формирование сортимента унаби (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) во влажных субтропиках России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formation of jujube assortment in the humid subtropics of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8406-8197</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулян</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulyan</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулян Раиса Васильевна, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики и селекции</p><p>354002, Краснодарский край, г. Сочи, ул. Яна Фабрициуса, д. 2/28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raisa V. Kulyan, PhD (Agr.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding</p><p>354002, Sochi, the Krasnodar Territory, 2/28 Yan Fabritsiusa St.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">raisa.kulyan22@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9397-1778</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омарова</surname><given-names>З. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omarova</surname><given-names>Z. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Омарова Зухра Магомедовна, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики и селекции</p><p>354002, Краснодарский край, г. Сочи, ул. Яна Фабрициуса, д. 2/28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zukhra M. Omarova, PhD (Agr.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding</p><p>354002, Sochi, the Krasnodar Territory, 2/28 Yan Fabritsiusa St.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zuly_om@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр «Субтропический научный центр Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кулян Р.В., Омарова З.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулян Р.В., Омарова З.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulyan R.V., Omarova Z.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://newtechology.mkgtu.ru/jour/article/view/885">https://newtechology.mkgtu.ru/jour/article/view/885</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В статье представлены результаты многолетнего изучения коллекции унаби ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) в условиях влажных субтропиков РФ. Коллекция Федерального исследовательского центра «Субтропический научный центр Российской академии наук» (ФИЦ СНЦ РАН, г. Сочи). Объектами исследований является двадцать один сортообразец из Китая, Таджикистана, Азербайджана, Грузии, США и России. Цель работы . Оценка хозяйственно-ценных признаков (фенология, урожайность, биохимический состав, устойчивость к растрескиванию) и выделение перспективных сортов для южных регионов России. Результаты и их обсуждение. Установлено, что унаби отличается поздним началом вегетации (I–II декада апреля), что позволяет избегать весенних заморозков. Данной культуре присуще позднее цветение, которое проходит в июне августе при температуре 22-24°C, плоды созревают с сентября до начала ноября. Плоды образцов по срокам созревания ранжированы на три группы: ранние (II–III декада сентября), средние (IIIII октября) и поздние (конец октября начало ноября). Наибольшую урожайность (96,0-141,4 ц/га) показали сорта «У-Син-Хун», «Ta-Ян-Цзао», «Южанин» и «Бурним». Максимальная масса плода отмечена у сорта «У-Син-Хун» (до 28,0 г). Биохимический анализ плодов выявил высокое содержание сахаров (19,12-30,95%), витамина С (206,18-524,48 мг%), низкую кислотность (0,260,57%) и сахаро-кислотный коэффициент до 110,53. Мелкоплодные формы накапливают больше сахаров, чем крупноплодные. По вкусовым качествам выделены столовые сорта «У-Син-Хун», «Ta-Ян-Цзао», «Хурмаи» и «Вахш». Универсальные сорта («Южанин», «Бурним», «Дa-БайЦзао») пригодны для свежего потребления и переработки. Наиболее устойчивы к растрескиванию плодов сортообразцы «Китайский-2А», «Гиссарский» и Форма-201. Сорт «Гиссарский», Форма201, «Декоративный 98» рекомендуются для ландшафтного озеленения. По ряду хозяйственно-ценных признаков сорта «Ta-Ян-Цзао», «Южанин», «Бурним» и «У-Син-Хун» рекомендованы для возделывания во влажных субтропиках России. Мелкоплодные сорта и формы рекомендуются для получения подвойного материала, а также они обладают высокой декоративностью и могут найти широкое применение в ландшафтном оформлении городских и сельских территорий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction . The results of a long-term research of the jujube collection ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill .) in the humid subtropics of the Russian Federation are presented. The collection is from the Federal Research Centre “Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (FRC SSC RAS, Sochi). Twenty-one cultivars from China, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the USA and Russia became the oblects of the research. The goal of the research was evaluation of economically valuable traits (phenology, yield, biochemical composition, resistance to cracking) and selection of promising varieties for the southern regions of Russia. The results and discussion . It has been found that jujube is characterized by a late onset of vegetation (1st-2nd decade of April), which helps avoid spring frosts. This crop is characterized by late flowering, which occurs in June-August at a temperature of 22-24°C, the fruits ripen from September to early November. The fruits of the samples were ranked into three groups according to ripening time: early (second-third ten-day period of September), middle (second-third ten-day period of October) and late (late October early November). The highest yield (96.0-141.4 c/ha) was shown by the varieties “U-Xing-Hong”, “Ta-Yan-Zao”, “Yuzhanin” and “Burnim”. The maximum fruit weight was noted by the variety ‘U-Xing-Hong’ (up to 28.0 g). Biochemical analysis of the fruits revealed a high content of sugars (19.12-30.95%), vitamin C (206.18-524.48 mg%), low acidity (0.26-0.57%) and a sugar-acid ratio of up to 110.53. Small-fruited forms accumulated more sugars than large-fruited ones. The table varieties “U-Xing-Hong”, “Ta-Yan-Zao”, “Khurmai”, and “Vakhsh” were distinguished by their taste. Universal varieties (“Yuzhanin”, “Burnim”, “Da-Bai-Zao”) were suitable for fresh consumption and processing. The varieties “Kitaisky-2A”, “Gissarsky”, and Forma-201 were the most resistant to fruit cracking. The varieties “Gissarsky”, “Forma-201”, and “Dekorativnyy 98” were recommended for landscaping. Based on a number of economically valuable traits, the varieties “Ta-Yan-Zao”, “Yuzhanin”, “Burnim”, and “U-Xing-Hong” are recommended for cultivation in the humid subtropics of Russia. Small-fruited varieties and forms are recommended for producing rootstock material. They also have high ornamental value and can be widely used in urban and rural landscaping.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генетическая коллекция</kwd><kwd>унаби</kwd><kwd>Zizyphus jujuba Mill.</kwd><kwd>сорт</kwd><kwd>форма</kwd><kwd>фенология</kwd><kwd>урожай</kwd><kwd>качество плодов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genetic collection</kwd><kwd>jujube</kwd><kwd>Zizyphus jujuba Mill .</kwd><kwd>variety</kwd><kwd>form</kwd><kwd>phenology</kwd><kwd>yield</kwd><kwd>fruit quality.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лепеско В.В., Рыбашлыкова Л.П. Интродукция, особенности роста и развития зизифуса (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) в условиях Астраханского Заволжья и Волго-Ахтубинской поймы // Лесной вестник. 2022. Т. 26, № 5. С. 23-30. DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-23-30 EDN: OMPKOP.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lepesko V.V., Rybashlykova L.P. Introduction, growth characteristics and development of Ziziphus (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in the Astrakhan Trans-Volga region and the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain // Lesnoy Vestnik. 2022. Vol. 26, No. 5. P. 23-30. DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-23-30 EDN: OMPKOP. [In Russ.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The nutritional, medicinal and drought-resistance properties of Ziziphus Mill. make it an important candidate for alleviating food insecurity in arid regions – a case of Pakistan / Muhammad N. [et al.] // Horticulturae. 2022. No. 8. P. 867-880. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8100867.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The nutritional, medicinal and drought-resistance properties of Ziziphus Mill. make it an important candidate for alleviating food insecurity in arid regions – a case of Pakistan / Muhammad N. [et al.] // Horticulturae. 2022. No. 8. P. 867-880. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8100867.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Study on key techniques of desert jujube cultivation / Zhang Y. [et al.] // Journal of Beijing Forestry University. 2020. Vol. 42, No. 11. P. 7281. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000−1522.20200023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Study on key techniques of desert jujube cultivation / Zhang Y. [et al.] // Journal of Beijing Forestry University. 2020. Vol. 42, No. 11. P. 7281. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000−1522.20200023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The historical and current research progress on jujube – a superfruit for the future / Liu M. [et al.] // Horticulture Research. 2020. No. 7. P. 119-136 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00346-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The historical and current research progress on jujube – a superfruit for the future / Liu M. [et al.] // Horticultural Research. 2020. No. 7. P. 119-136 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00346-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yao Sh., Heyduck R. Ornamental jujube cultivar evaluation in the Southwestern United States // HortTechnology. 2018. Vol. 28, No. 4. P. 557-561. DOI: 10.21273/HORTTECH04073-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yao Sh., Heyduck R. Ornamental jujube cultivar evaluation in the Southwestern United States // HortTechnology. 2018. Vol. 28, No. 4. P. 557-561. DOI: 10.21273/HORTTECH04073-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodríguez Villanueva J and Rodríguez Villanueva L. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology of Ziziphus jujuba Mills. // Phytother Res. 2017. Vol. 31. P. 347-365.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodríguez Villanueva J and Rodríguez Villanueva L. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology of Ziziphus jujuba Mills. // Phytother Res. 2017. Vol. 31. P. 347-365.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu M.J. China jujube development report (1949-2007) // China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. 2008. Vol. 25. P. 1-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu M.J. China jujube development report (1949-2007) // China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. 2008. Vol. 25. P. 1-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X.G. China jujube industry. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House. 2015. P. 7-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li X.G. China jujube industry. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House. 2015. P. 7-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X., Zhang Z., Li X. Development of the Jujube industry under changing climates // In: Cultivation for climate change resilience. 2023. No. 1. P. 227-240. DOI: 10.1201/9780429055584-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li X., Zhang Z., Li X. Development of the Jujube industry under changing climates // In: Cultivation for climate change resilience. 2023. No.1. P. 227-240. DOI: 10.1201/9780429055584-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mining single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for accurate genotype identification and diversity analysis of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) germplasm / Song L. [et al.] // Agronomy. 2021. No. 11. P. 2303. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11112303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mining single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for accurate genotype identification and diversity analysis of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) germplasm / Song L. [et al.] // Agronomy. 2021. No. 11. P. 2303. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11112303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Есаян Г.С. Зизифус – ценная плодовая культура // Садоводство, виноградарство и виноделие Молдавии. 1971. № 7. С. 62-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yesayan G.S. Ziziphus – a valuable fruit crop // Horticulture, viticulture and winemaking of Moldova. 1971. No. 7. P. 62-63. [In Russ.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвинова Т.В. Интродукция и сортоизучение зизифуса в Никитском ботаническом саду // Сборник научных трудов Государственного Никитского ботанического сада. 2010. № 132. С. 189-196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinova T.V. Introduction and variety study of Ziziphus in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden // Collection of scientific papers of the State Nikitsky Botanical Garden. 2010. No. 132. P. 189-196. [In Russ.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ziziphus jujuba Mill., a plant used as a medicinal product: an overview of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control and future research / Shi-Jun Liu [et al.] // Phytochemistry Reviews. 2020. Vol. 20. P. 507-541. doi.org/10.1007/s11101-020-09709-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ziziphus jujuba Mill., a plant used as a medicinal product: an overview of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control and future research / Shi-Jun Liu [et al.] // Phytochemistry Reviews. 2020. Vol. 20. P. 507-541. doi.org/10.1007/s11101-020-09709-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khadivi A., Beigi F. Morphological and chemical characterizations of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) to select superior accessions // Food Sci Nutr. 2022. Vol. 10, No. 7. P. 2213-2223 doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2831.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khadivi A., Beigi F. Morphological and chemical characterizations of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) to select superior accessions // Food Sci Nutr. 2022. Vol. 10, No. 7. P. 2213-2223 doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2831.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zandiehvakili G., Khadivi A. Identification of the promising Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd. Genotypes using pomological and chemical proprieties // Food Sci Nutr. 2021. No. 9. P. 5698-5711. doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2535.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zandiehvakili G., Khadivi A. Identification of the promising Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd. Genotypes using pomological and chemical properties // Food Sci Nutr. 2021. No. 9. P. 5698-5711. doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2535.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Изучение противоязвенной, противовоспалительной и иммуномодулирующей активности полиэкстракта плодов Ziziphus jujuba Mill / Лупанова И.А. [и др.] // Вопросы биологической, медицинской и фармакологической химии. 2024. Т. 27, № 10. С. 3-10. doi.org/10.29296/25877313-2024-10-01.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Study of antiulcer, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of polyextract of Ziziphus jujuba Mill fruits / Lupanova I.A. [et al.] // Issues of biological, medical and pharmacological chemistry. 2024. Vol. 27, No. 10. P. 3-10. doi.org/10.29296/25877313-2024-10-01. [In Russ.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барнаулов О.Д. Краткий обзор лекарственных свойств унаби (Ziziphus jujuba) // Традиционная медицина. 2016. № 2 (45). С. 50-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnaulov O.D. Brief review of medicinal properties of unabi (Ziziphus jujuba) // Traditional medicine. 2016. No. 2(45). P. 50-61. [In Russ.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Variations in Morphological Characters and Antioxidant Potential of Different Plant Parts of Four Ziziphus Mill. Species from the Cholistan / Riaz M.U. [et al.] // Plants. 2021. No. 10. P. 2734. doi.org/10.3390/plants10122734.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Variations in Morphological Characters and Antioxidant Potential of Different Plant Parts of Four Ziziphus Mill. Species from the Cholistan / Riaz M.U. [et al.] // Plants. 2021. No. 10. P. 2734. doi.org/10.3390/plants10122734.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Selection of superior genotypes of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) as revealed by fruit-related traits / Mirheidari F. [et al.] // Food Sci. Nutr. 2022. No. 10. P. 903-913. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2721.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Selection of superior genotypes of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) as revealed by fruitrelated traits / Mirheidari F. [et al.] // Food Sci. Nutr. 2022. No. 10. P. 903-913. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2721.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синько Л.Т. Методические указания по первичному сортоизучению зизифуса. Ялта: ГНБС, 1976. 42 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinko L.T. Methodical guidelines for the primary variety study of jujube. Yalta: GNBS, 1976. 42 p. [In Russ.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ксенофонтова Д.В., Первицкая Л.В., Якименко В.И. Перспективы возделывания унаби в условиях Краснодарского края // Сборник научных трудов ВНИИЦиСК. 1994. Вып. 38. С. 215-227.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ksenofontova D.V., Pervitskaya L.V., Yakimenko V.I. Prospects for cultivation of jujube in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory // Collection of scientific papers of VNIITsIK. 1994. Iss. 38. P. 215-227. [In Russ.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
