mkgtuНовые технологии / New technologiesNew Technologies2072-09202713-0029МГТУ10.47370/2072-0920-2021-17-2-56-66mkgtu-478Research ArticleТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННЫХ ПРОДУКТОВFOOD TECHNOLOGYСовременные исследования в области интенсификации процесса экстракции биологически активных веществ из растительного сырья с применением ферментовModern research on the extraction of biologically active substances from plant raw materials using enzymesФабрицкаяА. А.FabritskayaA. A.

Алла Андреевна Фабрицкая, младший научный сотрудник отдела технологии сахара и сахаристых продуктов

Тополиная аллея, д. 2, Краснодар, 350072

Alla A. Fabritskaya, a junior researcher of the Department of Sugar and Sugar Products Technology

2 Topolinaya Alley, Krasnodar, 350072

a.a.gordievskaya@mail.ruСеменихинC. О.SemenikhinS. O.

Семен Олегович Семенихин, заведующий отделом технологии сахара и сахаристых продуктов, кандидат технических наук

Тополиная аллея, д. 2, Краснодар, 350072

Semyon O. Semenikhin, head of the Department of Sugar and Sugar Products Technology, Candidate of Technical Sciences

2 Topolinaya Alley, Krasnodar, 350072

semenikhinso@mail.ruГородецкийВ. О.GorodetskyV. O.

Владимир Олегович Городецкий, старший научный сотрудник отдела технологии сахара и сахаристых продуктов, кандидат технических наук

Тополиная аллея, д. 2, Краснодар, 350072

Vladimir O. Gorodetsky, a senior researcher of the Department of Sugar and Sugar Products Technology, Candidate of Technical Sciences

2 Topolinaya Alley, Krasnodar, 350072

gorodeckyvo@mail.ruКотляревскаяН. И.KotlyarevskayaN. I.

Наталья Ивановна Котляревская, научный сотрудник отдела технологии сахара и сахаристых продуктов, научный сотрудник отдела технологии сахара и сахаристых продуктов

Тополиная аллея, д. 2, Краснодар, 350072

Natalya I. Kotlyarevskaya, a researcher of the Department of Technology of Sugar and Sugar Products, a researcher of the Department of Technology of Sugar and Sugar Products

2 Topolinaya Alley, Krasnodar, 350072

kotlyarevskayani@mail.ruВиктороваЕ. П.VictorovaE. P.

Елена Павловна Викторова, главный научный сотрудник отдела пищевых технологий, контроля качества и стандартизации, доктор технических наук, профессор

Тополиная аллея, д. 2, Краснодар, 350072

Elena P. Victorova, a chief researcher of the Department of Food Technologies, Quality Control and Standardization, Doctor of Technical Sciences, a professor

2 Topolinaya Alley, Krasnodar, 350072

kornena@bk.ruКраснодарский научно-исследовательский институт хранения и переработки сельскохозяйственной продукции – филиал ФГБНУ «Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия»РоссияKrasnodar Research Institute for Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products – a branch of FSBSI «The North Caucasian Federal Research Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking»Russian Federation2021060620211725666Copyright © Фабрицкая А.А., Семенихин C.О., Городецкий В.О., Котляревская Н.И., Викторова Е.П., 20212021Фабрицкая А.А., Семенихин C.О., Городецкий В.О., Котляревская Н.И., Викторова Е.П.Fabritskaya A.A., Semenikhin S.O., Gorodetsky V.O., Kotlyarevskaya N.I., Victorova E.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://newtechology.mkgtu.ru/jour/article/view/478

В статье приведен обзор современных исследований отечественных и зарубежных ученых в области экстракции биологически активных веществ из растительного сырья с применением ферментов. Экстракция биологически активных веществ с применением ферментов позволяет осуществлять управляемую биотрансформацию растительного сырья за счет точной специфичности и селективности ферментов, что создает мягкие условия, обеспечивающие сохранение биологически активных веществ. Отмечено, что качество применяемого экстрагента оказывает существенное влияние на эффективность процесса экстракции. Так, сырье, обработанное комбинацией электролита и фермента, экстрагируется более эффективно за счет снижения барьера массопереноса. Главное преимущество применения в качестве экстрагента сверхкритических жидкостей заключается в том, что снижение температуры или давления приводит к выпадению экстрагируемого вещества в осадок. Одним из главных недостатков процесса экстракции биологически активных веществ из растительного сырья с применением ферментов является их высокая стоимость. Для исключения указанного недостатка используют следующие методы интенсификации: ультразвуковую обработку, обработку с применением высокого давления и микроволновую обработку. Наиболее перспективными методами интенсификации процесса экстракции биологически активных веществ из растительного сырья с применением ферментов являются методы ультразвуковой и микроволновой обработки. Ультразвуковая обработка при оптимальных условиях позволяет повысить активность ферментов, а микроволновая обработка обеспечивает более эффективное проникновение экстрагента в ткани растительного материала благодаря разрушению клеточных стенок.

The article overviews modern studies of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of extraction of biologically active substances from plant materials using enzymes. Extraction of biologically active substances using enzymes allows for controlled biotransformation of plant materials due to the precise specificity and selectivity of enzymes, which creates mild conditions that ensure the preservation of biologically active substances. It has been noted that the quality of the extractant used has a significant effect on the efficiency of the extraction process. Thus, raw materials treated with a combination of an electrolyte and an enzyme are extracted more efficiently by reducing the mass transfer barrier. The main advantage of using supercritical fluids as an extractant is a decrease in temperature or pressure that leads to the precipitation of the extractable substance. One of the main disadvantages of the process of extracting biologically active substances from plant materials using enzymes is their high cost. To eliminate this disadvantage, the following intensification methods are used: ultrasonic treatment, high pressure treatment and microwave treat- ment. The most promising methods for intensifying the process of extracting biologically active substances from plant materials using enzymes are methods of ultrasonic and microwave treatment. Ultrasonic treatment under optimal conditions allows increasing the activity of enzymes, and microwave treatment provides more efficient penetration of the extractant into the tissues of plant material, due to the destruction of cell walls.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.